COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF HOMEHELPERS' WORK UNDER THE PRIVATIZATION OF HOME CARE MARKET

由于人口老龄化和照顾需求的增加，家政服务是家庭福利提供体系中不可或缺的一部分。大部分家务助理是从事兼职工作的家庭主妇或注册佣工。家庭主妇倾向于获得二级帮佣资格，以便为家庭提供照顾，而不是获得带薪工作。在受雇家务助理的情况下，许多人直接从自己的家到护理接受者家，然后直接回到自己的家。他们没有成熟的职业心态，对雇主的忠诚度相当低。他们的待遇相对较低，很少有社会保险，甚至工伤保险。特别是，根据《劳动基准法》，注册的家务助理并不被视为真正的工人。我们在2000年4月《公共关爱保险法》生效前后对家务助理进行了研究。我们预测…随着家居护理市场私有化程度的提高，越来越多的家庭佣工的工作条件会变得更差。现在提供护理服务的机构或机构很多。然后，我们对每种类型的护理机构的劳动条件进行了调查，以验证这一假说。研究结果表明，家庭佣人的工作是按照社会对性别分工的期望来构建的：他们的收入受到限制，因此根据税收制度，他们仍然被归类为受抚养人。公共保险制度生效后，家务助理的流动性增加，甚至出现了裁员。在雅高随需而舞中，兼职和注册帮手被用作调节阀。他们不被视为真正的工人。护理市场的竞争有望成为提高服务质量的一种方式。我们可以说，只有增加家务助理的培训和教育机会，提高他们的专业水平，并改善他们的劳动条件，才能做到这一点。这应该会提高服务质量，缓解该行业的性别偏见。较少

The home help service is an indispensable part of the system of welfare provision in the home because of the aging population and the increase of caring needs. Most home helpers are housewives working part-time or registered helpers. Housewives tend to get the qualification of class 2 helpers in order to provide care for their family rather than to get paid employment. In the case of employed home helpers, many travel directly from their own home to care-receivers home and go back directly to their own home. They do not have a developed professional mind-set and their level of loyalty to their employers is rather low. Their remuneration is relatively poor and they seldom have Social Insurance, even Worker's Accident Compensation Insurance. In particular registered home helpers are not treated as genuine workers under the Labor Standard Law.We did research on home helpers just before and after the Public Caring Insurance Law came into effect in April in the year of 2000. And we predicte … More d that home helpers working condition would become worse as privatization of the home care market increased.Now there are many types of or ganizations offering care. Then we did a survey on the labor conditions of each type of care-giving organization to test this hypothesis. The results showed us that the job of home helper is constructed in accordance with social expectation of the sexual division of labor : their income is restricted so that they continue to be classified as dependents according to the tax system. After the public insurance system took effect, the mobility of home helpers incr eased and there were even cuts in personnel. Part-time and registered helpers are used as an adjustment valve in accor dance with demand. They are not treated as genuine workers.Competition in the care market is expected to be a way to elevate the quality of service. We can say this is only possible by increasing the opportunities for training and education of home helpers to raise professional standaeds and by the improvement of their labor conditions. This should raise quality of service and alleviate the gender bias in the industry. Less