COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF HOMEHELPERS' WORK UNDER THE PRIVATIZATION OF HOME CARE MARKET

随着人口老龄化和照顾需求的增加，家政服务已成为家庭福利提供体系中不可或缺的一部分。大多数家庭佣工是兼职或注册的家庭主妇。家庭主妇取得第2类佣工资格的主要目的是照顾家庭，而非从事有薪工作。就受雇的家庭佣工而言，许多人直接从自己的家到照顾者的家，然后再直接回到自己的家。他们没有成熟的专业思维，对雇主的忠诚度也很低。他们的工资相对较低，很少有社会保险，甚至工伤保险。特别是，根据《劳动标准法》，注册家庭佣工不被视为真正的工人。我们在2000年4月《公共照顾保险法》生效前后对家庭佣工进行了调查。我们预测，随着家庭护理市场的私有化，家庭佣工的工作条件将越来越差。现在有许多类型的组织提供护理。然后，我们对各类护理机构的劳动条件进行了调查，以检验这一假设。结果表明，家庭佣工的工作是按照社会对性别分工的期望来构建的：他们的收入受到限制，因此他们继续按照税收制度被划分为受抚养人。公共保险制度实施后，家政服务人员的流动性增加，甚至出现了人员裁减。兼职及注册佣工可按需要用作调节阀门。他们没有被当作真正的工人对待。护理市场的竞争有望成为提高服务质量的一种方式。我们可以说，只有增加培训和教育家庭佣工的机会，以提高专业水平，并改善他们的劳动条件，才能做到这一点。这将提高服务质量，减轻行业中的性别偏见。少

The home help service is an indispensable part of the system of welfare provision in the home because of the aging population and the increase of caring needs. Most home helpers are housewives working part-time or registered helpers. Housewives tend to get the qualification of class 2 helpers in order to provide care for their family rather than to get paid employment. In the case of employed home helpers, many travel directly from their own home to care-receivers home and go back directly to their own home. They do not have a developed professional mind-set and their level of loyalty to their employers is rather low. Their remuneration is relatively poor and they seldom have Social Insurance, even Worker's Accident Compensation Insurance. In particular registered home helpers are not treated as genuine workers under the Labor Standard Law.We did research on home helpers just before and after the Public Caring Insurance Law came into effect in April in the year of 2000. And we predicte … More d that home helpers working condition would become worse as privatization of the home care market increased.Now there are many types of or ganizations offering care. Then we did a survey on the labor conditions of each type of care-giving organization to test this hypothesis. The results showed us that the job of home helper is constructed in accordance with social expectation of the sexual division of labor : their income is restricted so that they continue to be classified as dependents according to the tax system. After the public insurance system took effect, the mobility of home helpers incr eased and there were even cuts in personnel. Part-time and registered helpers are used as an adjustment valve in accor dance with demand. They are not treated as genuine workers.Competition in the care market is expected to be a way to elevate the quality of service. We can say this is only possible by increasing the opportunities for training and education of home helpers to raise professional standaeds and by the improvement of their labor conditions. This should raise quality of service and alleviate the gender bias in the industry. Less