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Retardation of sexual maturation of free-ranging Japanese macaques induced by controlled provisioning

控制供给导致日本猕猴性成熟延迟

基本信息

批准号：
10640614
负责人：
MORI Akio
金额：
$ 1.73万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Provisioning support the high density of the Koshima population of Japanese macaques. The amount of provisioned food was severely restricted from the autumn of 1972 until June, 1977. This caused a population declining phase. Soy beans were provisioned for 1 and half months in the summer after 1977, which caused a stable phase of population growth. Male sexual maturation has been studied under these conditions, and we studied two topics under the framework, "Male maturation and desertion from the natal troop", "Transformation of a small bisexual group into a group having the characteristics of a male group".The body weight growth curve against age is depicted using cross sectional data of 1972 when provisioning food was not restricted. Body weight growth of each monkey in the 1970's was slowed down, and growth continued until age 15. Two groups were found, one which was around 10kg and the other 8kg body weight after age 15. Large variation in growth curves was observed after 8 years ol … More d, which may be related to sexual maturation. Attendance of each male at the provisioning area revealed that males deserted the main group at adolescence, and joined the small branch group, or the all male gatherings. Then they came back to the main group after reaching 15 years of age, participating in reproductive activity. The low body weight males deserted the main group at around 8 years, and came back to the main group later than the heavier males. The age of desertion varied much, having a peak at 6-8 years, and a body weight of around 5kg. Later desertors were heavier, indicating social factors for these males.The small branch group accepted young deserter males, which influenced the characteristics of this bisexual group becoming more like a male group. The group members showed loose association as compared to the main group. Unlike the normal situation, group movement was rarely coordinated by "coo" sound, and even females showed frequent tree-shaking which is common in a male group. As the moving range of the group was small, individuals visited only a small number of feeding trees, and visited the same trees repeatedly. Members joined at the trees, and adult males tolerated females feeding with them. Senior adolescent males visited the feeding trees while other members were moving in a different area. When they met females at the trees, they chased them away or retreated from the trees because of the cries of females. The junior adolescent males waited for the occupying adult females to leave the feeding trees before. Just prior to the mating season, outside males and adolescent males waited for females at their small number of feeding trees, which had a strong affect on the feeding activities of females Less

供给支持日本猕猴的高密度的Koshima人口。从1972年秋季到1977年6月，粮食供应量受到严格限制。这导致了人口的下降。1977年以后，在夏季提供一个半月的大豆，这导致了人口增长的稳定阶段。在此条件下，研究了雄性的性成熟，并在“雄性的成熟和从纳塔尔群体中的遗弃”和“小型两性群体向具有雄性群体特征的群体的转变”的框架下，研究了两个主题。在20世纪70年代，每只猴子的体重增长放缓，并且增长持续到15岁。两组被发现，一组是10公斤左右，另一组是15岁后的8公斤体重。8年后，观察到生长曲线的较大变化 ...更多信息 d，这可能与性成熟有关。出席的每一个男性在供应区显示，男性遗弃的主要群体在青春期，并加入了小分支组，或所有男性的聚会。然后，他们在15岁后回到主要群体，参与生殖活动。低体重雄性动物在8岁左右离开主组，并且比体重较重的雄性动物更晚返回主组。遗弃的年龄变化很大，在6-8岁有一个高峰，体重在5公斤左右。后来的逃兵更重，表明这些男性的社会因素。小分支组接受年轻的逃兵男性，这影响了这个双性恋群体的特征变得更像一个男性群体。与主要群体相比，群体成员表现出松散的关联。与正常情况不同的是，群体运动很少由“咕咕”声协调，甚至雌性也表现出频繁的树摇，这在雄性群体中很常见。由于群体活动范围小，个体只访问少数取食树，并重复访问同一棵树。成员们聚集在树上，成年雄性容忍雌性用它们喂食。当其他成员在不同的区域移动时，年长的青少年雄性参观了喂食树。当它们在树上遇到雌性时，它们会因为雌性的叫声而把它们赶走或从树上撤退。少年雄性等待占领的成年雌性离开觅食树之前。就在交配季节之前，外部雄性和青春期雄性在其少量的取食树上等待雌性，这对雌性的取食活动产生了强烈的影响。