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EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABEL LAND USE SYSTEM IN THE TEMPERATE AND TROPICAL ZONES BY MEANS OF ORGANIC MATTER CONSTITUENTS

通过有机物质成分评价温带和热带地区可持续土地利用系统

基本信息

批准号：
10660057
负责人：
TSUTSUKI Kiyoshi
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Organic constituents in uncultivated (forest) and cultivated soils for major soil types in Hokkaido, I.e. wet type andosol, andosol, brown forest soil, gray terrace soil and alluvial soil. Investigated subjects include fundamental soil properties, humic substances in free and combined forms, soil saccharides of microbial and plant origin, phenolic compounds derived from lignin by CuO-NaOH oxidation, and easily decomposable nitrogeneous constituents. Organic matter constituents were also investigated in the soils under different land uses in the red acid soil area in South Sumatra, Indonesia, where clearing and bunring of the forest as well as the development of plantation agriculture are rapidly in progress. In result, it was clarified that land use as cultivated land brings about the severe exhaustion of humic substances and saccharine constituents both in the temperate and tropical zones. The amounts of easily decomposable organic matter which is represented by hot water extractable … More constituents, however, were similar between the temperate and tropical zones. Easily decomposable organic matter in the tropics may be supplied directly from the plant residue such as fallen leaves and twigs. It will be exhausted rapidly when vegetation is removed by man, because the stock of soil organic matter is scarce. Growing natural weeds on the ground of coffee plantation not only prevented the erosion of soils but also maintained the level of soil organic matter in the tropics. Agro-forestry such as the combination of leguminous tree and coffee tree increased the level of easily decomposable organic matter in the soil. Also in the temperate zone, exhaustion of soil organic matter in cultivated lands were demonstrated in andosols. Such exhaustion of soil organic matter will be a severe barrier for the sustainable agricultural production, development and practice of agricultural techniques are needed, so that the maintenance of soil organic matter in cultivate lands becomes possible. Less

对北海道主要土壤类型（湿润型灰壤、灰壤、棕色森林土、灰色阶土和冲积土）的未耕（森林）和耕作土壤的有机成分进行了研究。调查的主题包括基本的土壤性质，腐殖物质的自由和结合形式，土壤微生物和植物来源的腐殖酸，酚类化合物来自木质素的CuO-NaOH氧化，和容易分解的含氮成分。还对印度尼西亚南苏门答腊红酸性土壤地区不同土地利用下土壤的有机质成分进行了调查，该地区森林砍伐和堆土以及种植园农业的发展正在迅速进行。结果表明，在温带和热带地区，作为耕地的土地利用导致了腐殖物质和糖精成分的严重耗竭。以热水可提取物为代表的易分解有机物的量 ...更多信息然而，温带和热带之间的成分相似。热带地区的易分解有机物可直接从植物残体如落叶和嫩枝中获得。由于土壤有机质存量不足，当植被被人为砍伐后，土壤有机质将迅速枯竭。在热带地区，在咖啡种植园地种植天然杂草不仅可以防止土壤侵蚀，而且可以保持土壤有机质水平。农林业，如豆科植物和咖啡树的结合，增加了土壤中易分解有机质的水平。同样在温带地区，耕地土壤有机质的耗竭也表现在土中。土壤有机质的耗竭将成为农业可持续生产的严重障碍，需要农业技术的发展和实践，使耕地土壤有机质的维持成为可能。少