Soil organic constituents as environmental indices to follow the change in soil-environment

土壤有机成分作为环境指标来跟踪土壤环境的变化

• 批准号: 04806009
• 负责人: TSUTSUKI Kiyoshi
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1992 至 1993
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04806009/
• 关键词: Soil organic matter; Peat]; Lignin; Fatty acid composition; Sterol; Neutral sugar omposition; Environmental Index; 泥炭土; 泥炭地植物; フェノール性化合物; 古環境

Interaction between soil and environment was investigated using lignin constituents, fatty acids, sterols, and neutral sugars as environmental indices. Four different types of peat profiles (42 layr-wise samples) and 24 peatland plants were analyzed.The yield of lignin-derived phenolic compounds was highest in high-moor peat, and decreased in the order of intermediate peat, and low-moor peat. Various quotients between individual phenolic compounds were proved to be good markers indicating the succession of sphagnum moss, grasses and woody plants.Each peat-land plant had its characteristic fatty acid composition. Phragmites contained a large amount of arachidic acid (C20), which became a good index of low-moor peat. Palmitic acid was dominant in high-moor peat, reflecting the fatty acid composition of sphagnum moss. Saturated fatty acid with chain length shorter than 16, and unsaturated fatty acids with carbon number, were contained in large amounts in peatland plants, but rather unstab … More le in peat soils. Saturated fatty acids with chain length longer than 20, which are important constituents of plant waxs, increased in peat soils with increasing depth.Sterols found in peat soils were mainly beta-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol, which are all plant constituents. Cholesterol, which is animal-origin, was detected in small amounts in low-moor peat formed under very eutrophic environment. The content of sterol was high in the high-moor peat which was dominated by sedges, but decreased in intermediate and low-moor peats in this order. The rate of stigmasterol increased, however, in low-moor peats.Neutral sugar composition of peat, after acid-hydrolysis, reflected well that of peatland plants. In each profile, glucose was dominant in the top layr but tended to decrease in lower layrs. On the other hand, hemicellulosic sugars (xylose + arabinose) increased in lower layrs.Thus, the four types of soil organic matter composition in peat soils corresponded well to the dominant plants, pattern of formation, and environment of peatland. Less

以木质素、脂肪酸、甾醇和中性糖为环境指标，研究了土壤与环境的相互作用。对4种不同类型的泥炭剖面(42个层状样品)和24种泥炭植物进行了分析，结果表明，木质素酚类化合物的产量在高沼泽泥炭中最高，其次是中等泥炭和低沼泽泥炭。各种酚类化合物之间的各种商被证明是指示泥炭藓、草和木本植物演替的良好标志。每种泥炭地植物都有其特有的脂肪酸组成。芦笋中含有大量的花生四烯酸(C20)，是低沼泽泥炭的良好指标。高沼泽泥炭以棕榈酸为主，反映了泥炭苔藓的脂肪酸组成。泥炭地植物中含有大量的链长小于16的饱和脂肪酸和碳数较高的不饱和脂肪酸，而不是…泥炭土壤中的Le含量更高。在泥炭土壤中发现的甾醇主要是β-谷甾醇、菜籽醇和豆甾醇，它们都是植物的重要成分。在低沼泽泥炭中检测到少量的胆固醇，这是动物来源的，形成于非常富营养的环境。在以莎草为主的高沼泽泥炭中，甾醇含量较高，而在中等沼泽泥炭和低沼泽泥炭中，甾醇含量依次降低。但在低沼泽泥炭中，豆甾醇的比例增加。泥炭的中性糖组成经过酸水解后，很好地反映了泥炭植物的中性糖组成。在每个剖面中，葡萄糖在顶层占主导地位，但在下层有下降的趋势。而半纤维素糖(木糖+阿拉伯糖)则在较低的土层中增加，因此泥炭土的四种有机质组成与泥炭地的优势植物、形成方式和环境有很好的对应关系。较少