Development of controlled release phosphate fertilizer

控释磷肥的研制

• 批准号: 10660066
• 负责人: TAKADA Naoko
• 金额: $ 0.96万
• 依托单位: Azabu University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10660066/
• 关键词: Controlled-release fertilizer; Phosphates; Sodium alginate gel; Cyclodextrin; CaHPO_4; Brassica campestris; NMR; アルギン酸ナトリウム; 緩効性; 緩効性リン肥料; 水プロトン; NMR測定

Basic experiments were performed regarding the development of controlled-release fertilizer (phosphates). Fertilizer gel beads (ca. 3 mm diameter) were made from the same moles of CaHPO_4 and α-cyclodextrin (CD)(abbreviated as α gel : 3 kinds of 4, 40, and 84 mM), or CaHPO_4 only without α-CD (abbreviated as 4, 40, and 84 mM P gel), by co-use of 4 percent of G-type alginate solution as the material to make the gel beads themselves.After these gel beads were bathed with water and stored in incubators at several temperatures (10, 20, 25, and 30 ℃) and at several intervals, the quantities of phosphate ions released in water were measured. Phosphate ions from 4 mM gel were released within ca. 2 months at 10 and 20 ℃ and within ca. 1 month at 25 and 30 ℃. On the other hand, 40 and 84 mM P gels continued to release phosphate ions ascending through out the experimental periods of 90 days, and 40 and 84 mM α gels continued to release phosphate ions showing a peak after the 20th day. Total phos … More phate released ions of every gel reached its peak at 25 and 30 ℃ among the four temperatures.To investigate the mechanism of release, NMR of 4 mM gel was measured by means of a surface probe method, the results showing that water had a longer relaxation time (T_2) of ^1H of water contained in α gel than it did in P gel. These results suggest that the water of α gel existed in a freer not-associative state than it did in P gel and thus dissolved and released phosphate ions more easily than did P gel.Potting cultivation tests using 40 mM gels were performed over a period of 40 or 45 days using 1/10000 a. pots and Brassica campestris (Komatsuna in Japanese). During the vernal summer term, the yields of 60% field capacity pots were higher than those of 40% field capacity pots. As well, the harvest yields at the 40th day of 60% α gel pots exceeded those of P gel pots, with their phosphorus utilization rate reaching a maximum of 40 %. In the autumn/ winter term, the yields of the 60% pots at the 45th day were more than 10 times those of the 35% pots, but the yields were half in comparison to those of the vernal summer term. Further, the phosphorus utilization rate of 60% P gel pots was only a maximum of 8 percent.For the field cultivation test, four ridges were prepared for α gel, P gel, chemical fertilizer, and the blank without phosphate, respectively (N : P_2O_5 : K = 16 : 15 : 16 Kg/10 a.). The soil was mixed at a 15 cm width and 20 cm depth. After a growing period of 60 days in the autumn/winter term, dry weights of Brassica campestris for every ridge were weighed, showing lighter yields in the order of P gel, α gel, chemical fertilizer, and the blank ridge. The dry weights from the P gel ridge and the α gel ridge became 1.76 and 1.66 times that of the chemical fertilizer ridge, respectively.The above results showed that α gel was more effective with an adequate amount of water and with a high temperature, though P gel was more effective with a low amount of water and with a low temperature. Less

关于控释肥料（磷酸盐）的开发进行了基础实验。肥料凝胶珠（ca. 3mm直径）由相同摩尔的CaHPO_4和α-环糊精（CD）制成。（缩写为α凝胶：4、40和84 mM 3种）或仅CaHPO_4而无α-CD（缩写为4、40和84 mM P凝胶），通过共同使用4%的G-以海藻酸钠溶液为原料制备凝胶珠，将凝胶珠用水浸泡后，置于恒温箱中，（10、20、25和30 ℃），并在几个时间间隔内，测量水中释放的磷酸根离子量。磷酸根离子从4 mM凝胶中释放约。在10和20 ℃下储存2个月，25和30 ℃下1个月。另一方面，40和84 mM P凝胶在90天的实验期间持续释放磷酸根离子，40和84 mM α凝胶持续释放磷酸根离子，在第20天后显示出峰值。总磷 ...更多信息 在4个温度中，25 ℃和30 ℃时，各凝胶的磷酸盐释放量最大，为探讨磷酸盐释放机理，用表面探针法测定了4mM凝胶的NMR谱，结果表明，α凝胶中的水比P凝胶中的水具有更长的^1H弛豫时间（T2）。这些结果表明，α凝胶中的水比P凝胶中的水以更自由的非缔合状态存在，因此比P凝胶更容易溶解和释放磷酸根离子。盆和芸苔（Brassica campestris）（日本的小松菜（Komatsuna））。春夏季，60%田间容量的盆栽产量高于40%田间容量的盆栽。60% α胶盆40 d的产量高于磷胶盆，磷利用率最高可达40%。在秋冬季节，60%的盆在第45天的产量是35%盆的10倍以上，但产量是春夏季的一半。田间试验设4个垄，分别为α胶垄、P胶垄、化肥垄和空白垄（N：P_2O_5：K = 16：15：16 Kg/10 a）。将土壤以15 cm宽和20 cm深混合。秋冬茬60 d后，称量每垄油菜干重，结果表明：施P胶、施α胶、施化肥、不施化肥的垄产量最低。P胶垄和α胶垄的干重分别是化肥垄的1.76倍和1.66倍，说明α胶垄在水分充足、温度较高的条件下效果较好，而P胶垄在水分较少、温度较低的条件下效果较好。少