Retrovirus Structure and Assembly with Inositol Phosphates

项目摘要 将Gag组装成未成熟的病毒颗粒是病毒生命周期中的关键步骤。组装后， 未成熟的病毒颗粒经过一个称为成熟的过程，这是产生感染性病毒所必需的 粒子我们最近发现，小细胞分子肌醇六磷酸（IP 6）是 组装和成熟，并且降低细胞中的IP 6水平严重减少了 传染性病毒虽然我们知道对IP 6如何影响艾滋病毒有一个“大局”的看法，但我们仍然有很多问题需要解决。 不明白该建议旨在描述IP 6诱导的未成熟组装的机制，如何 IP 6促进成熟组装，以及这些组装步骤是否可以被抗逆转录病毒药物靶向。此外，委员会认为， 初步工作表明，IP 6是其他逆转录病毒的辅因子，因此这项提议将测试 假设IP 6作为逆转录病毒辅因子是进化保守的。具体目标1是进一步 表征IP 6如何结合并促进HIV-1组装和成熟。高分辨率冷冻电镜分析 将在具有和不具有已知的细胞蛋白的IP 6组装的成熟病毒样颗粒上进行 与细胞中的病毒核心结合。成熟抑制剂Bevirimat和PF-46396的作用，其结合到 与IP 6相同的区域，对IP 6结合和增强组装的影响将使用一系列生物化学方法来确定。 测定。此外，这一目标将测试IP 6被其他慢病毒利用的假设。比如说， 初步数据表明，马传染性贫血病毒也利用IP 6产生 传染性病毒具体目标2是确定IP 6是否以及如何被逆转录病毒利用， 慢病毒属初步数据显示，α逆转录病毒劳斯肉瘤病毒（RSV）和δ 逆转录病毒人T细胞白血病病毒（HTLV）都利用IP 6。我们将确定IP 6行动的地点， 使用生物化学和结构方法的病毒。我们还将从其他逆转录病毒中筛选病毒 我们来看看它们是否也使用IP 6。具体目标3是确定IP 6相关化合物是否以及如何 影响HIV-1未成熟组装、成熟和成熟组装。与合作者合作，我们将 在组装和成熟测定中合成和筛选IP 6样化合物。这一目标将有助于确定 如果靶向IP 6结合位点的化合物是可行的抗逆转录病毒策略。

Project Summary Assembly of Gag into an immature virus particle is a critical step in the viral life cycle. After assembly the immature virus particle goes through a process called maturation which is required to produce infectious virus particles. We recently showed that the small cellular molecule, inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is required for both assembly and maturation, and that decreasing IP6 levels in cells severely reduces the formation of infectious virus. While we know have a “big picture” view of how IP6 affects HIV, there is still a great deal we don’t understand. This proposal seeks to characterize the mechanism of IP6 induced immature assembly, how IP6 promotes mature assembly, and if these assembly steps can be targeted by antiretrovirals. Furthermore, preliminary work suggests that IP6 is a cofactor for other retroviruses, and so this proposal will test the hypothesis that IP6 as a retroviral cofactor is evolutionarily conserved. Specific Aim 1 is to further characterize how IP6 binds and promotes HIV-1 assembly and maturation. High resolution cryo-EM analysis will be performed on IP6 assembled mature virus-like particles with and without cellular proteins that are known to bind to the viral core in cells. The effect of maturation inhibitors Bevirimat and PF-46396, which bind to the same region as IP6, on IP6 binding and enhanced assembly will be determined using a series of biochemical assays. In addition, this aim will test the hypothesis that IP6 is utilized by other lentiviruses. For example, preliminary data suggest that the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus also employs IP6 for the production of infectious virus. Specific Aim 2 is to determine if and how IP6 is utilized by retroviruses outside of the lentivirus genus. Preliminary data shows that the alpha retrovirus Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), and the delta retrovirus Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV) both utilize IP6. We will identify the site of IP6 action on both viruses using biochemical and structural approaches. We will also screen viruses from the other retroviral genera to determine if they also utilize IP6. Specific Aim 3 is to determine if and how IP6 related compounds affect HIV-1 immature assembly, maturation, and mature assembly. Working with a collaborator, we will synthesize and screen IP6-like compounds in assembly and maturation assays. This aim will help to determine if compounds that target the IP6 binding site are a feasible antiretroviral strategy.