Economic Reforms and Agricultural Development in Poland and Hungary

在波兰的经济改革过程中，截至1996年，农业产权局（APA）几乎接管了原国有农场的所有土地和其他财产。然后，它一直试图出售土地，以创造可行的农民，与欧盟国家的农民竞争。但结果与它的主要目标相去甚远。APA获得的土地中，60%以上被出租，只有5.4%被出售给民间。为了找出大部分土地被出租的原因，本研究比较了APA拥有的土地的销售价格及其租赁价格与农业使用生产力的现值。使用时间序列数据进行的分析表明，除1994年外，销售价格略低于按生产率计算的现值。在这种情况下，愿意购买土地用于农业的农民可以偿还资金，因为现值高于销售价格。但分析表明，销售价格明显高于租赁价格，对于潜在承租人来说，租用土地比购买土地更经济。这一结果解释了上述APA土地出让和出租的情况。

In the process of economic reform in Poland, the Agricultural Property Agency (APA) took up almost all land and other properties from the former state owned farms by 1996. Then it has been trying to sale out the land to create viable farmers to be competitive with the farmers in EU countries. But the results are far from its major objective. More than 60 percent of the land obtained by APA has been rented out and only 5.4 percent has been sold to the private sectors.To find out the reason why a major part of land has been rented out, this study compared sales prices of land owned by APA and its rental prices with its present values in terms of productivity in agricultural use. The analysis using the time-series data shows that the sales prices are slightly lower than the present values based on productivity except in 1994. In this case, the farmers willing to buy land for agricultural use can pay back money because the present values are higher than the sales prices. But an analysis indicates that the sales prices are significantly higher than the rental prices and that renting land is more economical than purchasing land for prospective lease-holders. This result explains the above stated situations of land sales and renting-out of land from APA.