An analysis of income disparity in rural Indonesia using the household and village potential data simultaneously

在审查印度尼西亚贫困线以下户主的特征时，86%的户主受过小学或更低教育水平的教育。其中，%生活在农村，22%生活在城市。按工作部门分类，50%的人在农业部门工作。其中，农村农业占46%，城市农业占4%。这些数字表明，如果一个受过小学教育的户主在农村农业部门工作，他贫穷的可能性极高。造成这种情况的一个因素是该部门的教育回报率非常低。

When characteristics of the household heads below poverty lines in Indonesia are scrutinized, 86% of the heads are educated at primary school or lower educational levels. Among them, 64% are living in rural areas and 22% in urban areas. When they are classified by working sector, 50% of them are working in the agricultural sector. Among them, 46% are in rural agriculture and 4% in urban agriculture. These figures indicate if a household head with primary education is working in rural agricultural sector, his probability being poor is extremely high. A factor created this situation is a very low rate of return to education in that sector.