The Geographical Study about the Actual Condition and the Change of Traditional Markets in Modern Rural China

在本研究中，首先收集了近代中国传统市场交易的资料和各种地图资料，以及拥有大量中国相关图书资料的图书馆和研究机构的统计资料。其次，建立了广西和广东两省传统市场的各种属性数据库，并通过地图数据库对市场的分布和区位进行了分析。在详细分析商业政策频繁变化的基础上，分析了市场交换的变化。研究结果表明：（1）建国后，由于商业政策的频繁变化，市场交易受到很大影响，市场反复关闭和恢复。然而，从日常生活的需要出发，即使在“大跃进”或“文化大革命”时期，许多市场仍继续进行贸易活动。2）经济改革开放政策实施后，市场得到广泛恢复。市场的作用是渗透农村市场经济，通过活跃商品交易来引导经济发展。3）市场从定期市场向日常市场转变，市场的位置也从沿着的摊位或空地向建筑物内的常设商店转变，这是一个总的趋势。市场不仅是商品交易的场所，而且与明清时期一样，作为各种财富聚集的中心场所的作用十分重要。

In this study, first I endeavored to collect the data on traditional market exchange in modern China and various map data, and statistics data in the library and the research organization which possesses China-related books and data abundantly. Second I created the database about various attributes of traditional market in Guangxi and Guangdong Province, and analyzed the distribution and the location of markets by mapping database. Furthermore, based on detailed data analysis of frequent changes in policy about commerce, I analysed changes of market exchange. The result of research can be collected as follows.1) After the founding of the country, market exchange were greatly influenced by frequent change of a commercial policy, and markets repeated closing and resumption. However, from the necessity for everyday life, even in the time of the Great Leap or the Cultural Revolution, many markets continued trade activities.2) After enforcement of the economic reform and open-door policy, markets were extensively resumed. The role which markets were expected is to permeate market economy in rural area and to lead economical development by activating dealings of goods.3) As a general tendency, markets are changing from periodic market to daily market, and location of market also changing from the stall of along a street or an open space to the standing store in a building.4) In order that many people may gather, market place is not only the place of dealing of goods, but like the Ming and Qing time, a role as central place which various fucaons accumulate is important.