The Geographical Study about the Actual Condition and the Change of Traditional Markets in Modern Rural China

在本次研究中，我首先努力在图书馆和拥有丰富中国相关书籍和数据的研究机构中收集中国近代传统市场交换的数据和各种地图数据、统计数据。其次，建立了广西和广东两省传统市场的各种属性数据库，并通过数据库制图分析了市场的分布和区位。在对商业政策频繁变化的详细数据分析的基础上，分析了市场交换的变化。研究结果可以收集如下。1)建国后，由于商业政策的频繁变化，市场交易受到很大影响，市场反复关闭和恢复。然而，出于日常生活的需要，即使在大跃进或文化大革命时期，许多市场仍在继续交易活动。2)经济改革开放政策实施后，市场广泛恢复。市场的作用是在农村渗透市场经济，通过激活商品交易来引导经济发展。(3)市场的总体趋势是由周期性市场向日常市场转变，市场的位置也由沿街摊档或露天场所向建筑物内的常设商店转变。4)市场不仅是商品交易的场所，而且像明清时代一样，是各种功能聚集的中心场所。

In this study, first I endeavored to collect the data on traditional market exchange in modern China and various map data, and statistics data in the library and the research organization which possesses China-related books and data abundantly. Second I created the database about various attributes of traditional market in Guangxi and Guangdong Province, and analyzed the distribution and the location of markets by mapping database. Furthermore, based on detailed data analysis of frequent changes in policy about commerce, I analysed changes of market exchange. The result of research can be collected as follows.1) After the founding of the country, market exchange were greatly influenced by frequent change of a commercial policy, and markets repeated closing and resumption. However, from the necessity for everyday life, even in the time of the Great Leap or the Cultural Revolution, many markets continued trade activities.2) After enforcement of the economic reform and open-door policy, markets were extensively resumed. The role which markets were expected is to permeate market economy in rural area and to lead economical development by activating dealings of goods.3) As a general tendency, markets are changing from periodic market to daily market, and location of market also changing from the stall of along a street or an open space to the standing store in a building.4) In order that many people may gather, market place is not only the place of dealing of goods, but like the Ming and Qing time, a role as central place which various fucaons accumulate is important.