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Development of discourse ability in Japanese toddlers : A longitudinal analysis of the communication with their families in natural setting

日本幼儿话语能力的发展：自然环境中与家人沟通的纵向分析

基本信息

批准号：
10831006
负责人：
TAKAHASHI Noboru
金额：
$ 1.92万
依托单位：
Osaka Kyoiku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10831006/
关键词：
discourse mother-child communication natural setting longitudinal study 会話幼児 2歳児

项目摘要

The objective of this study was to analyze longitudinally the development of discourse ability in Japanese toddlers. Toddlers, who begin to speak, would also begin to acquire discourse ability through the communication with surrounding adults (mainly parents) in each socio-cultural setting. If so, we should begin with the following research questions : What kind of topics do toddlers and surrounding adults talk about in everyday life in a specific socio-cultural setting? and what factors contribute to choose and maintain each topic?Seven Japanese toddlers (1 girl and 6 boys) who attended daycare center participated in this study. Subjects' utterances with parents were audiorecorded every three months from 24 to 42 months. In each session, when they went back home from the daycare, mothers dressed their children in T-shirt with a pocket on its back, and a small microcassette recorder was in it. Totally about 200 minutes of the conversation between children and their parents were, therefore, recorded in each child and each session. All data were transcribed by using JCHAT format (Oshima-Takane ＆ MacWhinney, 1995). All utterances were divided into clusters of topics : Sequences of utterances in which the child and parents talked about one topic were categorized into one topic cluster : here and now. past event. future event. mixture of them. factual. will. third person, real to fantasy, pretend play, other play, book reading, song, educative, About 60% of their total utterances were here and now and will, in which each topic ended up very shortly. On the other hand, the topics about play, which were about 10-30% of their total utterances. continued longer. Either children or mothers began the new topics, so both parents and children, not simple parents' initiative, equally contribute the selection and maintenance of topics.

本研究的目的是纵向分析日本幼儿话语能力的发展。开始说话的幼儿也将开始通过在每个社会文化环境中与周围的成年人（主要是父母）交流来获得话语能力。如果是这样，我们应该从以下研究问题开始：在特定的社会文化环境中，幼儿和周围的成年人在日常生活中谈论什么样的话题？哪些因素有助于选择和维持每个主题？参加日托中心的 7 名日本幼儿（1 名女孩和 6 名男孩）参与了这项研究。从 24 个月到 42 个月，每三个月对受试者与父母的谈话进行一次录音。每次课程中，当孩子们从日托中心回家时，母亲们都会给孩子们穿上背面有口袋的T恤，里面有一个小型微型录音机。因此，每个孩子和每个会话中总共记录了孩子和家长之间约 200 分钟的对话。所有数据均使用 JCHAT 格式转录（Oshima-Takane ＆ MacWhinney，1995）。所有话语都被分为主题簇：孩子和父母谈论一个主题的话语序列被分为一个主题簇：此时此地。过去的事件。未来的事件。它们的混合物。事实。将要。第三人称，真实到幻想，假装游戏，其他游戏，读书，歌曲，教育，大约60％的总话语是此时此地和将要的，其中每个主题都很快结束。另一方面，有关玩耍的话题约占总发言量的10-30%。持续时间更长。新话题的开始者要么是孩子，要么是妈妈，所以话题的选择和维持，是父母和孩子的共同贡献，而不是简单的父母主动。