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Research on International Convention on Jurisdiction and Recognition/Enforcement of Foreign Judgments

国际管辖公约与承认/执行外国判决研究

基本信息

批准号：
10834002
负责人：
SANO Hiroshi
金额：
$ 2.18万
依托单位：
OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Japanese law in international jurisdiction and Recognition/Enforcement of Foreign Judgment not clear. As rules on international jurisdiction have been formulated by court judgments, it is considered necessary to have an international convention having as accurate set of rules on international jurisdiction.The Hague Conference on Private International Law is now making such convention. It made "Preliminary Draft Convention on Jurisdiction and Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters" in October 1999. Based upon our basic research on rules in this field in several countries, we analyzed the articles of this Preliminary Draft Convention from the viewpoint of the Japanese law.Our conclusion is as follows : As a whole, this Preliminary Draft Convention has many important provisions which are to clarify critical points in dealing with international cases in Japanese courts. However, there are some problems for Japan in the present draft. For example, whereas, this convention covers nuclear liability cases, no special rules for it can be found. In the case of nuclear accident, the courts of the country where the operator situates has to have exclusive jurisdiction in order to secure harmonized protection of victims. Accordingly, such rules should be inserted in the convention. On the other hand, in order to have this convention be ratified by as many countries as possible, we will have to abandon our present practices in some aspects. For example, this draft convention admits jurisdiction on "regular commercial activity" of the dependent in the territory of the court. This provision is inserted by the proposal of the United States. We consider that Japan can accept such provision in consideration of Japanese court practices.

日本法律在国际管辖权和承认/执行外国判决方面不明确。由于有关国际司法管辖权的规则已由法院判决制定，因此有需要订立一项国际公约，就国际司法管辖权作出一套准确的规则，而海牙国际私法会议现正订立这项公约。它于1999年10月制定了《民商事管辖权和外国判决公约草案初稿》。本文在对一些国家的相关规定进行研究的基础上，从日本法的角度对该公约草案进行了分析，得出的结论是：从整体上看，该公约草案草案有许多重要的规定，这些规定是为了明确日本法院在处理国际案件时的关键点。然而，目前的草案对日本来说存在一些问题。例如，虽然该公约涵盖了核责任案件，但没有找到专门的规则，在核事故案件中，经营者所在国的法院必须拥有专属管辖权，以确保对受害者的协调保护。因此，应在公约中插入此类规则。另一方面，为了使这个公约得到尽可能多的国家的批准，我们在某些方面必须放弃我们目前的做法。例如，本公约草案承认法院对受扶养人在其领土内的“正常商业活动”拥有管辖权。这一规定是根据美国的提案插入的。我们认为，考虑到日本的法院惯例，日本可以接受这一规定。