縄文人・アイヌの系統と東アジア諸集団の多様性に関する形態学的再検討

绳文/阿伊努谱系的形态学重新审视和东亚群体的多样性

• 批准号: 11112206
• 负责人: 埴原 恒彦
• 金额: $ 0.77万
• 依托单位: 佐賀医科大学
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (A)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11112206/
• 关键词: 縄文人; アイヌ; 系統; 日本人; 東アジア; 人類学; 小進化; 起源

本研究は、人類遺伝学の分野で提唱された「縄文人、アイヌは北東アジアの基層集団に帰属し、東南アジア集団とは無関係か」という仮説を形態学的に検討することである。本年度は、前頭部・顔面の平坦度について世界の112集団を、縫合間骨に関する非計測的頭蓋形態小変異の5項目(Inca bone,ossicle at lambda,parietal notch bone,asterionic bone,occipito-mastoid wormian)について82集団を対象として比較検討した結果、アイヌの前頭部、顔面の平坦性は北東アジアを含む周辺諸集団とは著しく異なり、その特徴の一部はオーストラリア、南アジア、さらにはヨーロッパの諸集団の変異の中に入りうる。一方、今回扱った頭蓋の非計測的小変異については縄文人よりもむしろ北東アジア集団、特にアムール川流域の集団の変異の中で捉えることができそうである。これらの結果は、昨年度の研究結果と同様に、近世アイヌの成立において、北東アジア集団が何らかの影響を与えた可能性を示唆していよう。いづれにしろ、縄文時代から近世アイヌの成立期までには数千年の時代差があることは事実である。また、この間に北東アジア集団の形質的特徴を色濃く示すオホーツク文化期人の北海道への到来、和人の進出による、様々な外来文化とおそらくは遺伝子の波及があったことは容易に想像がつく。アイヌが縄文人の系統を色濃く受け継いでいることは様々な研究からほぼ確実と思われるが、本研究結果は、アイヌ=縄文人として扱うことにはある意味では注意を要することをも物語る。近世アイヌの成立過程で、彼らの遺伝的形質が縄文時代以降どのように変化していったのかをさらに追跡していかなければならない。

This study is based on the division of human genetics, and it is proposed that "the root groups in the northeast and southeast are related to each other" and that the morphological studies are conducted. This year, there are 112 groups in the world, including 5 items related to the flatness of the head and face, and 5 items related to the non-measured head shape.(Inca bone,ossicle at lambda,parietal notch bone,asterionic bone, occupito-mastoid wormian) 82 sets of groups are opposite to each other and compared with each other. The results of this study are as follows: the front head of the face is flat and the face is flat. The front head of the face is north-east. The front head of the face is flat and the face of the face is flat. A part of the characteristics of the group is divided into three parts: the first part is divided into three parts: the first part is divided into four parts: the second part is divided into four parts: the first part is divided into four parts: the first part is divided into four parts: the second part is divided into four parts: the first part is divided into four parts: the first part is divided into four parts: the second part is divided into four parts: the third part is divided into four parts: the fourth part is divided into four parts: the fourth In this case, the small differences between the two sides of the river are not measured. The results of this study are similar to those of last year's study. The establishment of the modern society and the influence of the northeast society on the development of science and technology are also discussed. The period of establishment of modern times is thousands of years. The physical characteristics of the group are rich in color, showing the arrival of Hokkaido people in the cultural period, and the entry and exit of people. The foreign culture is easy to imagine. The results of this study are as follows: (1) The color of the system is concentrated in the middle of the study, and (2) The color of the system is concentrated in the middle of the study. In the modern times, the process of establishment of the society, the form and quality of its heritage changed from the era of literature to the era of decline and transformation.

项目成果

Hanihara T & Ishida H: "Os incae: Frequency variation in major human populations"Journal of Anatomy. 194(in press). (2000)

羽原T

埴原 恒彦: "仙台市中、原始「人類の進化と仙台」"仙台市博物館. 10(466) (1999)

羽原恒彦：“仙台市，原始‘人类进化和仙台’”仙台市博物馆 10(466) (1999)。

Hanihara T,et al.: "Intra- and interobserver errors in facial flatness measurements"Anthropological Science. 107. 25-39 (1999)

Hanihara T 等人：“面部平坦度测量中的观察者内和观察者间误差”人类学科学。

Ishida H & Kondo O: "Nonmetric cranial variation of the Ainu and neighboring populations"Perspectives in Human Biology. 4. 127-138 (1999)

石田H

Hanihara T: "Frontal and facial flatness of major human populations"American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 111. 105-134 (2000)

Hanihara T：“主要人群的额部和面部平坦度”美国体质人类学杂志。