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Studies on mechanisms of insecticide resistance and the application of characteristics of insecticide resistance for the integrated pest management

杀虫剂抗性机制研究及抗性特征在害虫综合治理中的应用

基本信息

批准号：
11356002
负责人：
MIYATA Tadashi
金额：
$ 22.09万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1 Clarification of mechanisms of insecticide resistance. Reduced sensitivity of AChE to insecticides which is one of the most important resistance factor. AChE cDNA are cloned and their aminoacids sequences were clarified in various insect pests such as Nephotetix cincticeps, Cidex tntaeniomychus, etc. Results indicated that insecticide resistance was caxised not only by the point mutation but also by the post translation By assaying AChE sensitivity to insecticides, combination of insecticides which show negatively con-elated cross resistance were screened. In OP resistant house fly, glutahtion-S-transferase activity is higher in males than in females the male germinating factor is located on the 2^<nd> chromosome, high GST activity in males were caused by ihe amplification of GST gene. Cytochrome P450 gene (CYP9A) which is responsible for permethnn resistance in Spodptera exigua was analyzed.2. Establishment of the integrated pest management based oncharacteristics of insecticide resistant insects. Development of simple monitoring methods for insecticide resistance is one of the most important points for us establish a strategy for insecticide resistance. By assaying enzyme activities (esterase, AChE, GST) of individual insecte which an involved in insecticide resistance were developed (green rice leaf- and plant hoppers, house fly, rice water weevil, etc.). In case we could not apply biochemical monitoring methods, simple bioassay methods were developed against diamondback moth, western flower thrips, etc. Introduction of combination of insecticides which show negatively con-elated cross resistance, insecticide resistant natural enemies, conservation of natural enemies with selective insecticides, nucleopolyhedrovirus, ete. were also effective to reduce the selection pressure by insecticides and can contribute to delay or retard the development of insecticide resistance.

1 阐明杀虫剂抗性机制。乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）对杀虫剂的敏感性降低，这是最重要的抗性因素之一。克隆了黑尾叶蝉、黑尾叶蝉等多种害虫的AChE cDNA，并阐明了其氨基酸序列。结果表明，杀虫剂抗性不仅与点突变有关，而且还与翻译后引起。通过测定AChE对杀虫剂的敏感性，筛选出具有负相关交叉抗性的杀虫剂组合。在OP抗性家蝇中，雄性的谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性高于雌性，雄性发芽因子位于第2染色体上，雄性中的高GST活性是由GST基因的扩增引起的。对甜菜夜蛾抗百灭宁的细胞色素P450基因(CYP9A)进行了分析。 2．基于抗药性昆虫特点的病虫害综合治理体系的建立开发简单的杀虫剂抗性监测方法是我们制定杀虫剂抗性策略的最重要的一点之一。通过测定与杀虫剂抗性相关的个体昆虫的酶活性（酯酶、AChE、GST）（绿稻叶飞虱、飞虱、家蝇、稻水象甲等）。在无法应用生化监测方法的情况下，针对小菜蛾、西花蓟马等开发了简单的生物测定方法。引入了交叉抗性负相关的杀虫剂组合、抗药性天敌、选择性杀虫剂保护天敌、核多角体病毒等。还可以有效减少杀虫剂的选择压力，并有助于延迟或延缓杀虫剂抗性的发展。