Studies on mechanisms of insecticide resistance and the application of characteristics of insecticide resistance for the integrated pest management

1阐明杀虫剂抗药性的机制。乙酰胆碱酯酶对杀虫剂的敏感性降低，这是最重要的抗性因素之一。本文克隆了黑尾叶蝉（Nephotetix cincticeps）、黑胸叶蝉（Cidex tntaeniomychus）等多种害虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）cDNA，并对其氨基酸序列进行了分析。结果表明，昆虫对杀虫剂的抗药性不仅是由点突变引起的，而且还可能是由翻译后引起的。在抗OP的家蝇中，雄性的谷氨酰-S-转移酶活性高于雌性，雄性萌发因子位于第2号染色体上<nd>，雄性的高GST活性是由GST基因的扩增引起的。分析了甜菜夜蛾对氯菊酯抗性的细胞色素P450基因（CYP 9A）.根据抗药性昆虫的特性建立害虫综合治理。开发简单的杀虫剂抗性监测方法是制定杀虫剂抗性策略的重要内容之一。通过测定与抗药性有关的昆虫（绿色稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱、家蝇、稻水象甲等）的酯酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的活性，建立了水稻抗药性鉴定方法。在不能应用生物化学监测方法的情况下，发展了对小菜蛾、西花蓟马等害虫的简易生测方法。介绍了具有负相关交叉抗性的杀虫剂组合、抗药性天敌、选择性杀虫剂保护天敌、核型多角体病毒埃特等。也有效地减少杀虫剂的选择压力，并有助于延迟或延缓杀虫剂抗性的发展。

1 Clarification of mechanisms of insecticide resistance. Reduced sensitivity of AChE to insecticides which is one of the most important resistance factor. AChE cDNA are cloned and their aminoacids sequences were clarified in various insect pests such as Nephotetix cincticeps, Cidex tntaeniomychus, etc. Results indicated that insecticide resistance was caxised not only by the point mutation but also by the post translation By assaying AChE sensitivity to insecticides, combination of insecticides which show negatively con-elated cross resistance were screened. In OP resistant house fly, glutahtion-S-transferase activity is higher in males than in females the male germinating factor is located on the 2^<nd> chromosome, high GST activity in males were caused by ihe amplification of GST gene. Cytochrome P450 gene (CYP9A) which is responsible for permethnn resistance in Spodptera exigua was analyzed.2. Establishment of the integrated pest management based oncharacteristics of insecticide resistant insects. Development of simple monitoring methods for insecticide resistance is one of the most important points for us establish a strategy for insecticide resistance. By assaying enzyme activities (esterase, AChE, GST) of individual insecte which an involved in insecticide resistance were developed (green rice leaf- and plant hoppers, house fly, rice water weevil, etc.). In case we could not apply biochemical monitoring methods, simple bioassay methods were developed against diamondback moth, western flower thrips, etc. Introduction of combination of insecticides which show negatively con-elated cross resistance, insecticide resistant natural enemies, conservation of natural enemies with selective insecticides, nucleopolyhedrovirus, ete. were also effective to reduce the selection pressure by insecticides and can contribute to delay or retard the development of insecticide resistance.