Studies on the risks assessment and the management of the development of insecticide resistance

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(1) Studies of the risk assessment on the development of insecticide resistance : Laboratory selection of various insecticides by various types o insecticides lead to the development of resistance to the selected insecticides. There were big differences in the speed of the development of insecticide resistance and the stability of insecticide resistance among insect species and kinds of selected insecticides. In the diamondback moth, a big difference was found in the sensitivity to sex pheromone between insecticide susceptible and resistant strains. (2) Studies on the management of the development of insecticide resistance. (a) Studies on the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of the development of insecticide resistance. Based on the sensitivity of AChE to insecticides, a combination of insecticides which show negatively correlated cross-resistance was found. As mechanisms of the development of insecticide resistance, increased degradation and decreased sensitivity of target site were clarified in various cases of insecticide resistance. (b) Based on the above results, various simple monitoring methods for insecticide resistance were developed and established. Based on these results obtained by our research team, further studies to establish integrated pest management are necessary.