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On the Ontological Foundation of Ethics - A study of concepts, "nature", "freedom" and "responsibility" in the history of thought

论伦理学的本体论基础——思想史中“自然”、“自由”、“责任”等概念的研究

基本信息

批准号：
11610034
负责人：
MORINAGA Shinichiro
金额：
$ 1.54万
依托单位：
Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In this period I tried to inquire into the ontological foundation of ethics, examining such concepts as "nature", "freedom" and "responsibility" in the history of Western thought. 1) As for nature, it became clear that nature faced us as "physis", "natura" and "creatio". 2) As for freedom, I compared K. Jaspers' existential freedom with M. Heidegger's ontological freedom. Then, I further traced the origin of this difference in the history of thought. 3) When the universal concept of the "freedom" is assumed as the basis of ethics, a problem arises how "freedom" and "nature" are compatible with each other. I. Kant solved this problem by using the concept "Zweckmassigkeit (the purposiveness of nature)". On the other hand, H. Jonas used as the foundation the general idea of "Zweckhaftigkeit". 4) The general idea of the responsibility, appeared in the latter half of the 15th century, was frequently used the 19th century, and became the key concept of ethic in the 20th century. But, the con … More sept is old, and has its origin in the old legal life. Moreover, this fundamentally legal responsibility, "imputatio", which means explanation before God, already appeared in the Old Testament. 5) The modern idea of responsibility appeared together with morbid phenomenon of the principle of modern morality, "conscience". While conscience goes deep into one's self, the value standard has been searched in a vacuum of value. 6) Responsibility is a relational concept with many meanings. Someone is responsible for something to some person according to a certain standard in front of a certain court. Responsibility is divided into social responsibility, religious responsibility and individual responsibility from the viewpoint of "vor". And from another viewpoint, it is devided into responsibility for the causal result of an act, task and role responsibility, moral responsibility and legal responsibility. 7) An issue to be pursed is : How could co-responsibility be founded in the dehumanized system society? Could it be fpunded on the viewpoint of existence argument or on the viewpoint of humanities? Less

在此期间，我试图探究伦理学的本体论基础，考察西方思想史上的“自然”、“自由”、“责任”等概念。1)至于自然，很明显，自然在我们面前是“物理”、“自然”和“创造”。2)关于自由，我比较了雅斯贝尔斯的存在自由和海德格尔的本体论自由。然后，我进一步追溯了这种差异在思想史上的起源。3)当普遍的“自由”概念被假定为伦理学的基础时，“自由”与“自然”如何兼容的问题就出现了。1 .康德用“自然的目的性”（Zweckmassigkeit）这个概念解决了这个问题。另一方面，乔纳斯以“Zweckhaftigkeit”的总体思想为基础。(4)责任的一般概念出现于15世纪后半叶，在19世纪被频繁使用，并在20世纪成为伦理学的关键概念。但是，这个骗局是古老的，它起源于旧的法律生活。而且，这种基本的法律责任“impuatio”，意思是在上帝面前解释，已经在旧约中出现了。5)现代责任观念与现代道德原则“良心”的病态现象一起出现。当良心深入到一个人的内心时，价值标准是在价值的真空中寻找的。责任是一个有很多含义的关系概念。在某一法庭面前，某人对某人的某件事负有一定的责任，按照一定的标准。责任从“人情”的角度分为社会责任、宗教责任和个人责任。从另一个角度看，责任又分为对行为因果结果的责任、任务和角色责任、道德责任和法律责任。7)一个需要探讨的问题是：如何在非人化的制度社会中建立共同责任？它是建立在存在论证的观点上还是建立在人文学科的观点上？少