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Cognitive, computational, and neuropsychological study on reading aloud Japanese kanji words.

大声朗读日语汉字单词的认知、计算和神经心理学研究。

基本信息

批准号：
11610093
负责人：
FUSHIMI Takao
金额：
$ 2.56万
依托单位：
TOKYO METROPOLITAN INSTITUTE OF GERONTOLOGY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We propose that the basic process of kanji and kana reading is captured in a triangle framework suggested by Seidenberg & McClelland (1989), which assumes that the orthography, phonology and meaning of words are interactively computed on the basis of parallel distributed processing. Our proposal, that the identical architecture and algorithm apply to both kanji and kana strings, found support in normal readers' performance. In reading aloud two-character kanji words, normal readers were slower at low-frequency words with atypical character-sound correspondences than at either high-frequency words or words with consistent/typical correspondences. They could read aloud two-character kanji nonwords fluently. Normal readers were slower at low-imageable words than at high-imageable words, but the imageability effect emerged only when the targets were low-familiar kanji words with atypical character-sound correspondences. In reading aloud kana nonwords, normal readers were faster at pseudoho … More mophones (viz. orthographic non-words homophonic with real words) than at non-homophonic nonwords when the pseudohomophones were homophonic with high-imageable kanji words. These effects indicate that the phonology of kanji and kana strings is computed directly from orthography, with support from meaning when direct computation is ineffi-cient.The nature of normal readers' performance suggested that Japanese surface dyslexic patients suffer-ing from semantic impairment should show severe deficit in reading aloud low-familiar kanji words with atypical character-sound correspondences, but relatively preserved performance for high-familiar words or words with typical character-sound correspondences. Furthermore, Japanese phonological dyslexic patients suffering from phonological impairment should be expected to show severe deficit in reading aloud non-homophonic nonwords, but relatively better performance for pseudohomophones homophonic with high-familiar and/or high-imageable words, in whatever script the nonwords comprise. Our assumptions were confirmed by reports of surface and phonological dyslexic patients. Furthermore, a connectionist model, which compute phonology from orthography of kanji and kana strings under additional input mimicing activation derived from semantic, successfully simulated some observed pattern of normal and impaired reading. Less

我们提出汉字和假名阅读的基本过程是在Seidenberg & McClelland（1989）提出的一个三角形框架中捕获的，该框架假设单词的正字法、音韵和意义是在并行分布式处理的基础上交互计算的。我们的建议，相同的架构和算法适用于汉字和假名字符串，发现支持正常的读者的性能。在大声阅读两个汉字的单词，正常读者在低频字与非典型字符的声音对应比在高频字或字与一致/典型的对应慢。他们可以流利地大声朗读两个汉字的非单词。正常读者在低成像词比在高成像词的速度慢，但成像效果出现时，只有目标是低熟悉的汉字词与非典型的字符-声音对应。在阅读假名时，正常人读假名的速度更快， ...更多信息 mophones（即与真实的词谐音的正字法非词）比在非谐音非词时，伪同音字与高成像汉字词谐音。这些结果表明，汉字和假名串的语音是直接从正字法计算出来的，当直接计算效率低下时，需要得到意义的支持。正常阅读者的表现的性质表明，患有语义障碍的日本表面阅读障碍患者在大声阅读低熟悉度的汉字词时，但是对于高度熟悉的单词或具有典型的字符-声音对应的单词相对保留了性能。此外，应预期患有语音障碍的日语语音障碍患者在大声阅读非同音非词时表现出严重的缺陷，但对于具有高熟悉度和/或高可成像性的词的假同音异义词，无论非词包括何种脚本，都表现出相对较好的表现。我们的假设证实了表面和语音障碍患者的报告。此外，一个连接主义的模型，从汉字和假名字符串的正字法计算语音的额外输入模仿激活来自语义，成功地模拟了一些观察到的模式正常和受损的阅读。少