Development of a Program of Transfening Inteipeisonal Optimism for Mothers

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"Optimism," a concept taken up in the present study, is an inevitable product in the history of studying learned helplessness, and was defined by Seligman. We have repeatedly and continuously conducted research related to the subject of "optimism." The purpose of the present study, which was conducted as part of these research efforts, was to develop "a program of transferring interpersonal optimism" (referred to here as the "program") for mothers, based on the view that a mother's optimism is significant in improving the interpersonal behavior of preschool children. The study consisted of the following three pillars.1. To create a base for development of the program, we studied the functional differences between attributional styles in response to positive events and in response to negative events. We further evaluated positive and negative events, and studied the relationship between optimism and the self-evaluation of personality traits.2. We compared the effects of the developed program with the effects obtained when a program of social skills training was conducted with preschool children. As target skills for this comparative study, we selected the social skills that preschool children need to play with other children.3. Finally, we implemented the program after thoroughly reviewing the details.The initial results of our study clearly indicated that the program had a certain effect with respect to the transfer of the mother's interpersonal optimism. A more detailed measurement of the effects of the program in comparison to that of a program of social skills training, as well as further examination of the details of the program, remain as subjects for future investigation.