HELPLESSNESS AND ATTRIBUTIONAL STYLE IN CHILDREN

这是一项基础研究建议，涉及通过以下过程 认知因素--归因风格--产生情感和成就 在不良事件发生后，正常儿童的缺陷。这不是一家诊所 对精神错乱的人的研究，尽管它的发现对 情感障碍的病因学。 这个项目有四个主要目标：1)预测哪些孩子会出现 不良事件后的学业成绩问题；2)预测 哪些儿童会受到抑郁情绪和不良行为的影响 3)研究归因与归因之间的因果关系 生活方式、不良生活事件和社会支持对成就和抑郁的影响 缺陷；以及4)调查儿童是如何获得潜伏的 归因方式反过来会损害心理健康。 为此，新泽西州普林斯顿大学三年级的400名学生 泽西州的地区小学和他们的家长将参加一个 四年的纵向研究。在研究开始时，孩子们和 他们的父母将接受归因风格的基线评估， 社会支持、最近的生活事件和各种人口统计变量。在……里面 此外，学校成绩测试分数、年级、教师评级和 将对抑郁情绪进行评估。然后，每隔一年两次 在接下来的四年里，每年都会对孩子们进行同样的评估 变量。将对每项评估进行横断面分析，并 使用现代因果建模技术的纵向分析将是 对预测数据执行。在研究结束时，我们希望 能够提前确定哪些儿童最容易患上 当他们遇到损失时，会有成就感和情绪问题。

This is a basic research proposal concerning the process by which a cognitive factor--attributional style--produces emotional and achievement deficits in normal children following bad events. This is not a clinical study of disturbed persons, even though its findings would be important for the etiology of affective disorders. This project has four major goals: 1) to predict which children will show achievement problems in school work following bad events; 2) to predict which children will suffer depressive affect and behavior following bad events; 3) to investigate the causal relationships among attributional style, bad life events and social support on achievement and depressive deficits; and 4) to investigate how children acquire an insidious attributional style which in turn can undermine mental health. Toward these ends 400 children in the third grade of the Princeton, New Jersey, area elementary schools and their parents will participate in a four-year longitudinal study. At the outset of the study, the children and their parents will receive baseline assessments for attributional style, social support, recent life events, and various demographic variables. In addition, school achievement test scores, grades, teacher ratings and depressive affect will be assessed. Then, at twice-a-year intervals for each of the next four years the children will be reassessed on these same variables. Cross-sectional analyses from each assesement will be made, and longitudinal analyses using modern techniques of causal modeling will be performed on the predictive data. At the end of the study, we hope to be able to identify in advance which children will be most vulnerable to achievement and emotional problems when they encounter loss.