HELPLESSNESS AND ATTRIBUTIONAL STYLE IN CHILDREN

这是一个基本的研究建议， 认知因素--归因风格--产生情绪和成就 正常儿童在不良事件后的缺陷。 这不是临床 研究不安的人，即使它的发现将是重要的， 情感障碍的病因学 这个项目有四个主要目标：1）预测哪些孩子会表现出 不良事件后学业成绩问题; 2）预测 哪些孩子会在不良行为之后遭受抑郁情绪和行为 3）探究归因与事件之间的因果关系 不良生活事件、社会支持对成就感和抑郁的影响 缺陷;和4）调查儿童如何获得一个阴险的 归因方式，这反过来又会破坏心理健康。 为了达到这些目的，普林斯顿大学三年级的400名儿童， 泽西岛，地区小学和他们的家长将参加一个 四年纵向研究。 在研究开始时，孩子们和 他们的父母将接受归因风格的基线评估， 社会支持，最近的生活事件，以及各种人口统计变量。 在 此外，学校成绩测试成绩，等级，教师评级和 将评估抑郁情绪。 然后，每年两次， 在接下来的四年里，孩子们将被重新评估， 变量 将对每次评估进行横截面分析， 使用现代因果建模技术的纵向分析将是 在预测数据上执行。 在研究结束时，我们希望 能够提前确定哪些儿童最容易受到 成就和情感问题时，他们遇到的损失。

This is a basic research proposal concerning the process by which a cognitive factor--attributional style--produces emotional and achievement deficits in normal children following bad events. This is not a clinical study of disturbed persons, even though its findings would be important for the etiology of affective disorders. This project has four major goals: 1) to predict which children will show achievement problems in school work following bad events; 2) to predict which children will suffer depressive affect and behavior following bad events; 3) to investigate the causal relationships among attributional style, bad life events and social support on achievement and depressive deficits; and 4) to investigate how children acquire an insidious attributional style which in turn can undermine mental health. Toward these ends 400 children in the third grade of the Princeton, New Jersey, area elementary schools and their parents will participate in a four-year longitudinal study. At the outset of the study, the children and their parents will receive baseline assessments for attributional style, social support, recent life events, and various demographic variables. In addition, school achievement test scores, grades, teacher ratings and depressive affect will be assessed. Then, at twice-a-year intervals for each of the next four years the children will be reassessed on these same variables. Cross-sectional analyses from each assesement will be made, and longitudinal analyses using modern techniques of causal modeling will be performed on the predictive data. At the end of the study, we hope to be able to identify in advance which children will be most vulnerable to achievement and emotional problems when they encounter loss.