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Comparative Cultural Research using Autophotographic Behavior Sampling

使用自拍照行为抽样进行比较文化研究

基本信息

批准号：
11610152
负责人：
SONODA Naoko
金额：
$ 1.02万
依托单位：
Kurume University, Kurume City, Japan
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The objective of this research was to use non-linguistic data to compare the relationship between the goals and behavior of university students. Japanese data was collected last year, so this year data was collected from American subjects with the cooperation of Lauren Shapiro of Stanford University. The method of data collection was the same as that used in Japan last year : 1 first of all subjects were required to complete a questionnaire detailing their goals and usual behavior (2) and then subjects took an autophotographic record of their behavior over a two week period. The latter experiment required that subjects carry a wrist watch alarm and a camera, and take a photograph representing their behavior at the time a random alarm sounded, five times a day. The 70 "self photographs" obtained in this way was analysed as a non-linguistic data representing the subjects' behaviour. (3) At the end of the two week period the subjects were then required to complete a questionnaire describi … More ng their goals and behavior "as represented in the photographs". This experiment was carried out between October 2000 ad March 2001. 30 Subjects took part in the experiment.The analysis concentrate on a comparison between the extent to which goals were described in terms of achievement goals or process goals in each of the photographic and linguistic data. In order to achieve a comparison, initially the 20 photograph data sets collected previously (Sonoda, Leuers, 1999 ; Leuers ＆ Sonoda, 1999) were reanalysed were upon it was found that Japanese photographs were extremely posed, the passing of time was not expressed, and the thing or event upon which the photographs focussed, was presented as being completed. In the American photographs on the other hand, few posed, and in many the passing of time was expressed : in progress or process type photographs were more common. This result is summarized in Sonoda, Leuers and Shapiro (2000). In other words, while in previous research it has been argued that Japanese do not narrated specific goals and emphasise the on going process of their behaviour, using the autophotographic method it was found that Japanese subjects were not necessarily process orientated at all. This same results was observed in research upon collages representing the future as summarised in Sonoda and Leuers (2001). The results of this research can be interpreted in the same way. Less

本研究的目的是利用非语言数据比较大学生的目标和行为之间的关系。日本的数据是去年收集的，所以今年的数据是在斯坦福大学的劳伦·夏皮罗的合作下从美国受试者中收集的。数据收集的方法与去年在日本使用的方法相同：1首先要求所有受试者完成一份问卷，详细说明他们的目标和通常的行为（2），然后受试者在两周内对他们的行为进行自动摄影记录。后一项实验要求受试者携带手表报警器和相机，并拍摄一张照片，代表他们在随机报警响起时的行为，每天五次。以这种方式获得的70张“自我照片”作为代表受试者行为的非语言数据进行了分析。(3)两周后，受试者被要求完成一份问卷， ...更多信息他们的目标和行为“如照片所示”。本实验于2000年10月至2001年3月期间进行。30名被试参加了实验，分析集中在比较在每一个照片和语言数据中，目标被描述为成就目标或过程目标的程度。为了实现比较，最初的20个照片数据集收集以前（Sonoda，Leuers，1999年; Leuers & Sonoda，1999年）进行了重新分析，发现日本的照片是极端的姿势，时间的流逝没有表达，照片所关注的事物或事件被呈现为完成。另一方面，在美国的照片中，很少有人摆姿势，而在许多照片中，时间的流逝被表达出来：进展或过程类型的照片更为常见。Sonoda，Leuers and Shapiro（2000）总结了这一结果。换句话说，虽然在以前的研究中，有人认为，日本人不叙述具体的目标，并强调他们的行为正在进行的过程中，使用自摄影的方法，它被发现，日本的主题不一定是过程导向的。正如Sonoda和Leuers（2001）所总结的那样，在代表未来的拼贴画研究中也观察到了同样的结果。这项研究的结果也可以用同样的方式来解释。少