Conservation of archival and library materials-Mass strengthening of deteriorated paper-

1.纸张降解率的评价：为了寻找合适的纸张降解率的评价方法，我们对一些自然老化的书籍纸张进行了感官评定、力学测试和热解-气相色谱分析。声发射和“滚动试验”似乎是有效的。我们认为，它们值得进一步关注，因为它们的破坏性比传统的双重测试小得多。通过热裂解-气相色谱法，以左旋葡萄糖聚糖和左旋葡萄糖酮的相对峰面积为指标，评价纸张的降解速度.纸张增强方法：（1）使用纤维素衍生物增强纸张已被大量研究。首先将水溶性纤维素衍生物溶解在最少量的水中并分散在乙醇中。通过喷涂将增强剂施加到纸张表面，从而能够容易且均匀地施加。在乙醇中使用乳液有助于缩短干燥时间并防止纸张因水分而变形。通过力学测试评价了增强剂的增强效果。这种方法最适用于未处于高级降解阶段的纸张。(2)处于高级降解阶段的纸张需要更激进的措施，例如纸张分裂。用人工老化到不同程度的纸样研究了这种方法与纸的降解速率的相容性。

1. Evaluation of the degradation ofpaper:In order to find out appropriate methods to the evaluation of the rate of degradation of paper, we carried out sensory judgment, mechanical measurement and pyrolysis - gas chromatography on a number of natural aged book papers. The acoustic emission and the "rolling test" appeared to be effective. We believe that they deserve further attention as they are much less destructive than a conventional double fold test. Through pyrolysis - gas chromatography, by using the relative peak areas of levoglucosan and levoglucosenone as an index, an evaluation of the rate of degradation of paper seems possible.2. Paper strengthening methods:(1) Strengthening of paper using cellulose derivatives has been largely investigated. Water-soluble cellulose derivatives are first dissolved in the minimum amount of water and dispersed in ethanol. The strengthening agents are applied to the paper surface by spraying, and thus enabled an easy and even application. The use of emulsion in ethanol contributes to shorten the drying time and to prevent deformation of paper due to moisture. The effect of strengthening agents has been evaluated through mechanical measurement. This method is most appropriate to paper which is not in an advanced stage of degradation.(2) Paper in an advanced stage of degradation requires a more radical measure such as paper-splitting. The compatibility of this method in connection with the rate of degradation of paper has been studied using paper samples which had been aged artificially to different degrees.