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<<市民>>概念の再検討-1789年人権宣言成立過程の研究

《公民》概念的再审视——1789年《人权宣言》制定过程研究

基本信息

批准号：
11610175
负责人：
TOMINAGA Shigeki
金额：
$ 2.37万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11610175/
关键词：
human rights French Revolution civil society suject

项目摘要

This research project has been begun in order to understand how the notion of citizenship and its social conditions were envisaged in the society newly founded by the French Revolution, through an intensive reading of the numerous drafts for the Declaration of human rights and documents of debate in the National Assembly in the year 1789. As is shown by several drafts and expressed by the definite declaration, we can at first pick out a image of society of which elementary unit is a free and equal individual. However, in order to be affirmed and assured, this freedom needs a kind of authority and the autonomy of citizen had to be recognised in narrow relation with the dependance to other citizens. This antinomy is clarified especially when we remark the debate concerning the freedon of religion and that of thought. Drafts insisting the necessity of declaring duties as well as right show the same antinomy between aotonomy and dependance. In addition to the logical contradiction, the debate of the Assembly in August, influenced by the radicalisation of the revolutionary process and ever-growing conggflicts between the sects, was obliged to remain in the midst of hesitation and to define the articles successively as a result of promiss. At last the debate is brought to close suddenly without adoption of some important problems such as that of public support, and thus the declaration of right was left inachieved. The contradiction in logic and ambiguity in practice of the declaration will also suggest lots of problems concerning notion of citizen in the newly formed society.

开展这一研究项目的目的是，通过深入阅读1789年国民议会辩论的大量《人权宣言》草案和文件，了解法国大革命新建立的社会如何看待公民权概念及其社会条件。正如几个草稿所表明的和明确的宣言所表达的那样，我们首先可以挑选出一个社会的形象，其中的基本单位是自由和平等的个人。然而，为了得到肯定和保证，这种自由需要一种权威，公民的自主权必须在与对其他公民的依赖性的狭义关系中得到承认。当我们注意到关于宗教自由和思想自由的争论时，这种矛盾就更加明显了。坚持既要宣示权利也要宣示义务的草案，也显示了自律与依附之间同样的矛盾。除了逻辑上的矛盾之外，8月议会的辩论，受到革命进程的激进化和教派之间日益增长的冲突的影响，不得不保持在犹豫之中，并由于承诺而连续确定条款。最后，辩论突然结束，没有通过一些重要的问题，如公众的支持，因此，权利宣言没有实现。《宣言》在逻辑上的矛盾和在实践中的模糊，也会引发新社会中公民观念的诸多问题。