Politics and the writing of history in the works of Sartre and Arendt: the case of the French Revolution

我的论文的主题将是通过萨特和阿伦特的作品中的法国大革命的棱镜来探讨历史和政治之间的关系。两位作家都对我们的政治现代性提出了独到的理解，并赋予了自由一个中心角色。这导致他们将法国大革命分析为世界历史上自由的转折点，我想分析这一知识分子运动。为此，我将重点介绍萨特于1960年开始发表的《辩证理性批判》，以及阿伦特于1963年发表的散文《论革命》。我想检视几个论题，其中包括自由与社会科学在历史写作中的关系。这种关系在两位作家的作品中都以法国大革命为例，我也想研究革命本身的概念。然后，后者将提出暴力问题，我将把这个问题作为萨特和阿伦特之间的对立点来考察。最后，这项工作意味着要注意到，现象学将这两位思想家联系在一起。因此，我的部分工作将致力于分析他们在理解政治方面的共同现象学框架，追溯到早期的文本(萨特的《存在与虚无》，阿伦特的《人类状况》)。我的目的将是展示他们最近的工作，为了抓住他们将历史用于政治的意义，必须揭开现象学的趋同。

The subject of my thesis will be the relationship between history and politics through the prism of the French Revolution in the works of Sartre andArendt. Both authors produced an original understanding of our political modernity and accorded a central role to freedom. It led them to analyse theFrench Revolution as a turning point for freedom in world history, and I want to analyse this intellectual move. For that purpose, I will focus on the"Critique of Dialectical Reason", that Sartre started to publish in 1960, and "On Revolution", an essay Arendt published in 1963. There are severaltheses I want to examine, and among them stands the relationship between freedom and social science in the writing of history. That relationship beingillustrated by the French Revolution in the works of both authors, I also want to study the concept of revolution itself. The latter will then raise the issueof violence, which I will examine as an opposition point between Sartre and Arendt. Finally, this work implies to note that phenomenology links the twothinkers together. Consequently, part of my work will be devoted to an analyse of their shared phenomenological framework in their understanding ofpolitics, tracing it back to earlier texts ("Being and Nothingness" for Sartre, "The Human Condition" for Arendt). My aim will be to show that their workspresent phenomenological convergences that have to be unveiled in order to seize the meaning of their use of history for politics.