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A Historical and Comparative Study on the Emergence of "Community" Formation Theory and the Transformation of the Concept of "Class" in the New Education Movement

新教育运动中“共同体”形成理论的产生与“阶级”观念转变的历史比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
11610280
负责人：
YAMASAKI Yoko
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
Naruto University of Education (2001)Tokyo Gakugei University (1999-2000)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This collaborative study aims to analyze the relation between the concept of the class and the theory of community formation in the New Education Movement. Some educational innovators tried to make a new form of community by reforming the class system in the school. Though the search for community was a common ideal in the New Education Movement throughout the world, actual programs of classification of pupils differed in England, Germany, and the United States.The first chapter exemplified the research program on educational practices at Hellerau which was the first city surrounded by agrarian areas in Germany. The research program is supposed to be an example of the case method on the study of Community School. The second chapter showed that "the New Education" in the United States began as a revolt against formalism in order to encourage individualism in the late 19th century, and that it was involved in organizing a community through various activities of pupils in the classroom in the 20th century. The third chapter examined characteristics of the New Education Movement in England, focusing on the new sense of community and individualism, since England, which had modernized its social system earlier than any other country, faced various social problems to be solved. The fourth chapter analyzed the concept of Gemeinschaft at the turn of the 19-20th century in Germany, and proved that the course system of the Odenwaldschule was a means to make the students of the same class organize a Gemeinschaft. The supplementary note reported this our discussions with two great pioneers in the historical study on the New Education Movement.

本研究旨在分析新教育运动中阶级概念与社区形成理论之间的关系。一些教育革新者试图通过改革学校的班级制度来创造一种新的社区形式。虽然在新教育运动中，寻找社区是全世界的共同理想，但英国、德国和美国对学生进行分类的实际方案却各不相同。第一章举例说明了Hellerau的教育实践研究计划，这是德国第一个被农业区包围的城市。本研究项目可作为案例方法在社区学校研究中的一个范例。第二章表明，美国的“新教育”始于19世纪后期对形式主义的反抗，以鼓励个人主义，并在20世纪通过学生在课堂上的各种活动来组织社区。第三章考察了英国新教育运动的特点，重点是新的社区意识和个人主义，因为英国比其他任何国家都更早实现了社会制度的现代化，面临着各种各样的社会问题需要解决。第四章分析了19-20世纪之交德国的集体学习概念，论证了奥登瓦尔德学校的课程体系是使同一班级的学生组织集体学习的一种手段。补充说明报告了我们与新教育运动历史研究的两位伟大先驱的讨论。