An Empirical Study on the Demand and Price of Higher Education in Japan

我们对四年制大学、大专院校和研究生院进行了需求和价格分析。结果如下：1。研究表明，区域变量对大学教育需求具有稳定的影响。在办学特色方面，规模大的大学不一定带来需求的稳定；有一些中小型大学的办学状况还不错。在18岁人口的增长时期（1992年左右达到顶峰），新大学和新院系的申请人数有所增加。到分析的最后一年2001年，这一趋势有所下降。从那时起，越来越多的学生申请传统的大学和学院。我们对民办大学和专科学校学费的决定因素进行了比较分析。在4年制大学中，规模较大的大学学费较低。一般来说，大学在经济上是根据学校的特点或所在地的特点来确定学费的。相比之下，大专院校可能正面临财政困难；小规模的初级学院学费往往较低。不考虑研究生教育的价格，对研究生教育，特别是硕士学位课程的需求是由学生的家庭收入和研究生教育供给增长支撑的。这一发现表明，如果未来研究生院固定人数继续扩大，现有的教育条件恶化、学生质量下降、毕业后就业稀缺等问题将会恶化。

We conducted a demand-and-price analysis of four year universities, junior colleges and graduate schools. The results are as follows.1. We clarified that regional variables have a steady influence on the demand for college education. As for school traits, large-sized universities do not necessarily bring about stability in demand ; there are a number of small-and medium-sized universities that have been sound. During the growing period of the 18-year old population with its peak around 1992, an increase in college application for new universities and new faculties was observed. By the year 2001, the final year of the analysis, that trend had declined. Since then, more students have applied for traditional universities and faculties.2. We conducted a comparative analysis on the determinants of tuition of private universities and junior colleges. Among four-year universities, tuition tends to be lower at large-sized universities. In general, universities set their tuition by economically conforming to their school traits or characteristics of their location. In contrast, junior colleges are possibly undergoing financial difficulty ; tuition tends to be low at small-scale junior colleges.3. Regardless of the price of postgraduate education, the demand for postgraduate education, especially master's degree programs, is supported by students' household income and the supply growth of postgraduate education. This finding suggests that, if the expansion of the fixed number of graduate school students continues in the future, existing problems such as the deterioration of educational conditions, decline in the quality of students, and job scarcity after graduation, will worsen.