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Discussions about Crisis of dual Training System and Financing of Vocational Training in Germany

德国双元制培训体系危机及职业培训经费筹措探讨

基本信息

批准号：
11610295
负责人：
SASAKI Eiichi
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
OTEMON GAKUIN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11610295/
关键词：
Vocational Education Vocational Training dual system Financing of Vocational Training in-company Training Vocational Training Policy

项目摘要

The aim of this research is to provide informations for recent situations of the dual system of vocational training in Germany. Recently many companies become unwilling to train young school-leaversbecause of cost burdens of in-company training. To prove this tendancy the research mainly depend on the results of inquires made by Federal Institute of Vocational Training in 1991,1995 and 1997.Conclutions of this research are following.For the average training company, training costs and benefits are relatively equal. So it is not right to draw a conclution that unwillingness of companies for in-company training is only or mainly due to expenditures on training.However cost burdens of in-company training of manufacturing companies because of world-wide competitions. Many large manufacturing companies tend to introduce a short-term cost calculation and move on to a sharp reduction of training activities.The Federal Government and the Lander Governments implement some policies to maintain dual system of vocational training. For exsample state regulations are to some extent eased and the time trainees spend in vocational school is cut down. By these policies they intend to increase incentives of companies for in- company training.However these tendancies might lead to degeneracy of public elements in dual vocational training system.

本研究的目的是为德国双轨制职业培训的最新情况提供资料。最近，由于公司内部培训的成本负担，许多公司不愿意培训年轻的毕业生。为了证明这一趋势，研究主要依靠联邦职业培训学院在1991年、1995年和1997年进行的调查结果。本研究的结论如下。对于一般的培训公司来说，培训成本和收益是相对相等的。因此，得出企业不愿意进行内部培训只是或主要是由于培训费用的结论是不对的。然而，由于世界范围内的竞争，制造企业的内部培训成本负担越来越重。许多大型制造公司倾向于采用短期成本计算，并转而大幅减少培训活动。联邦政府和各邦政府实施了一些政策，维持职业培训双轨制。例如，国家规定在一定程度上放宽，学员在职业学校的时间减少了。通过这些政策，他们打算增加公司内部培训的激励。然而，这些倾向可能导致二元职业培训体系中公共要素的退化。