A Folkloristic Study of Inlandwater Fishery in Rice Cultivation- A Proposition on the Paddy Field Fishery -

在稻田渔业的讨论中，其主要范围是稻田水系。迄今为止，内河渔业可分为湖泊渔业和河流渔业两大类。而稻田水系作为第三个领域具有重要的意义。这个系统指的是为水稻作物设计、控制和维持的人造水圈：它的特点是，与自然水圈不同，水的条件，如水流、水量和温度，每年因水稻种植活动而有很大变化。水田渔业是充分利用水稻农业各种活动所产生的水情变化，利用鱼池、渔网等渔具进行的渔业。这种渔业的目标是淡水鱼，例如泥鳅（道场），鲫鱼（funa）和鲤鱼，它们高度适应稻田的生活方式。水田渔业迄今在技术上被列为杂项渔业，并被农民视为不重要的渔业活动；然而，这种渔业的实际基础远比渔民渔业广泛得多。此外，稻田渔业不仅是日本的问题，也是东南亚所有稻田稻产区的问题。从历史上也可以看出，水稻收获文化与渔业之间存在着根本的联系。

In the discussion of the paddy field fishery, its major sphere is the water system for rice paddy field. The inland water fishery has so far been divided into two groups, the lacustrine and the river fisheries. However, the water system for the rice field has great significance as the third sphere. This system designates the man-made hydrosphere, devised, controlled and maintained for rice crop : its characteristics are, unlike the natural hydrosphere, the water conditions such as currents, quantity and temperature of water, vary greatly annually according to the activities of rice-cultivation. The paddy field fishery is done with the fishing gear such as fish pots and traps, taking full advantage of the change of the water conditions as the result of the various activities of rice agriculture. The targets of this fishery are freshwater fish for example the loach (dojo), the crucian (funa) and the carp, which are highly adapted life styles to the paddy field.The paddy field fishery has so far been classified technologically in miscellaneous fisheries, and has been considered as unimportant fishing activities by farmers ; however, the practical base of this fishery is far wider spread than the fishery by fishermen. Moreover, the paddy field fishery is an issue concerning not only with Japan but also with all the paddy field rice cultivating regions in Southeast Asia. Observing historically, too, fundamental relation is indicated betwfeen rice harvesting culture and the fishery.