Research relating to the financial guarantee and rehabilitation system in pre-modern samurai society

这项研究的一个主要问题是阐明由封建宗族(大名、汉族首领)和个人附庸组成的前现代封建武士组织结构的基本原则。在这项研究中，我认为封建武士领主或大名氏族社会集团内的组织原则，简单地说，就是其成员的生计和地位得到保障的事实。当然，武士有可能被剥夺武士身份，如果例如，根据继承法，如果附庸的家族血统被切断，或者如果在履行公务时存在疏忽或违规；然而，他们至少没有因为经济原因而失去地位。即使大名诸侯国陷入贫困状态，也不存在他们会因债务负担而放弃领地或失去武士身份而成为浪人…的“个人破产”案例。更多。他们迟早会作为大名诸侯国获救、复活并恢复正常状态。最终保证大名诸侯国生计和地位的是诸侯封地作为抵押品的功能，以及掌管封地的封建领主有义务为他们的诸侯提供救济。虽然大名诸侯基本上被期望解决他们自己的各种财务问题，但与此同时，在前现代大名部族内部，有一些手段可以恢复他们作为大名诸侯的地位，并以这样或那样的形式保证他们的武士身份，如果他们碰巧达到了自己独立努力的极限，他们就不会被忽视。这种特殊的手段是在封地假设的基础上设计的，这构成了诸侯生计的基础。在这项研究中，我收集了以Kokura和Kumamoto Hosokawa han为中心的九州汉久宁财政事务的史料，以及与封地制度有关的史料，并考察了前现代大名氏族诸侯的生计和地位得到保障的实际方式。此外，它还具有从经济角度重新定义垂直主臣关系以及与领地有关的方面的作用，同时也阐明了大名氏族的结构。较少

A major issue pursued in this study is the elucidation of the fundamental principles in the organizational structuring of pre-modern feudal samurai organizations consisting of feudal lord clans (daimyo, han leaders) and individual vassals. What I view with importance in this study as the organizational principle within the social group of the feudal samurai lord or daimyo clans is, in simple terms, the fact that the livelihood and status of its members were guaranteed.It was possible, far course, for samurai to be deprived of their samurai status if, far example, the family line of a vassal were severed based an laws of succession or if there were negligence or violations in the performance of official duties; however, they at least did not lose their status for economic reasons. Even if daimyo vassals felt into a state of poverty, there were no cases of "personal bankruptcy" in which they would abandon their fief under a burden of debt or forfeit samurai status itself and become ronin … More . They would sooner or later be rescued, rehabilitated and returned to their normal state as daimyo vassals. What ultimately guaranteed trie livelihood and status of daimyo vassals were the function of vassal fiefs as collateral and the obligation of the feudal lord who had custody of the fief to provide relief for their vassals. Although daimyo vassals were basically expected to take care of their own various financial problems, at the same time, means were structured within the pre-modern daimyo clans for rehabilitating them as daimyo vassals and guaranteeing their samurai status in one form or another without being neglected if they happened to reach the limits of their own independent efforts. The particular means were devised based on the assumption of the fief, which formed the foundation of vassal livelihood. In this study, I collected historical material regarding the financial affairs of kyunin of han in Kyushu, centered in the Kokura and Kumamoto Hosokawa han, and historical records relating to the fief system and examined the actual manner in which the livelihood and status of the vassals wore guaranteed in pre-modern daimyo clans. It moreover has the role of redefining vertical master-vassal relationships as well as fief-related aspects from an economic perspective while also elucidating the structure of daimyo clans. Less