A comparative Historical Study of the Space Structure and Village Boundary Rituals of the Medieval Japan

本研究以滋贺高岛县新朝日町的一个中世纪村落空间为研究对象，进行了一次具有攻击性的恢复性研究。利用许多古老和现存的地方景观知识，传统的民间仪式，我们调查了村庄空间和边界对村民的意义。新朝日镇曾经是一个名为Kozunosho的庄园，是Sanmon拥有并直接经营的最重要的庄园之一。它是近江和若狭之间的交通基地，小津港是琵琶湖水上交通的重要港口。以往对三门庄园的研究一直受到缺乏原始资料的限制。Kozunosho提供了丰富的资料来源，如Kenchucho（由Aeba Masatake先生拥有），日期为1422年（Oei 29）。因此，这一地区是一个有价值的案例研究的本质三门庄园。该地区的那些村庄具有中世纪村庄的各种特征，包括梯田，位于古代主要道路（古北陆道，西近江道）和 ...更多信息 从1999年到2001年，我们对原庄园区的12个地点进行了调查。调查了渠系、常用地名和传统仪式的特征，重点分析了村中具有重要意义的节日、葬礼和墓葬制度。我们的研究揭示了中世纪时期一个高度发达的村庄的状况。我们还建立了一个数据库的研究材料（Kozunosho Kenchucho和Kozunosho Hikchuo）。据说，在日本的村庄，血统的意义比中国或韩国少，但领土的纽带更强。在近畿地区，尤其是近江地区，地域联系的发展最为明显。为了从东亚的角度来认识日本村落的特征，我们还对冲绳、韩国、中国大陆和台湾进行了调查。我们收集了有关村门和边界护身符等符号的文件，以比较这些地方与日本的异同。少

We conducted a compreensive and restorative study of a Medieval village space of Shim-Asahi town, Takashima countly, Shiga prefecture. Using many ancient and existing local knowledge of landscape, traditional folk rituals, we investigated what village space and boundary signifies to villagers. Shin-Asahi town was once a manor called Kozunosho, one of the most important ones owned and directly ran by Sanmon. It was the traffic base between Omi and Wakasa with the Kozu Harbor important for waterborne traffic on Lake Biwa.Previous research into the manors of Sanmon has been limited by a lack of source materials. Kozunosho provides a rich source of informative documents such as Kenchucho (owned by Mr. Aeba Masatake) dated 1422 (Oei 29). Thus this area is a valuable case study into the essence of Sanmon manors. The villages in this area have various characteristics of Medieval villages, including terraced rice fields, position on ancient main roads (Ancient Hokuriku-do, Nishi-Omi-do) and on … More e in the flood plain of the lake.From 1999 to 2001, we investigated twelve locations in the former manor area. We investigated features of canal systems, commonly used place names and traditional rituals, focusing on festivals, funerals and tomb system that where of significance within the village. Our research revealed conditions of a highly developed village during the Medieval Period. We also established a database of the research materials (Kozunosho Kenchucho and Kozunosho Hikidencho).It is said that in a Japanese village the significance of bloodline is less than in China or Korea but the territorial bond is stronger. The development of territorial bond is most obvious in the Kinki region, especially in Omi.To identify the features of the Japanese villages within a wider East Asian perspective, we also researched in Okinawa, Korea, China and Taiwan. We collected documents about symbols such as village gates and boundary talismans to compare similarities and differences between those places and Japan. Less