Archaeological Study on Spatial Structure of Medeival Harvor Site centering on Tosaminato Site in Aomori Prefecture

这是日本青森县北部Karakawa城堡的考古调查报告。该地点位于俯瞰日本海的一座小山上。富山大学考古系在志浦村教育委员会工作人员的协助下，进行了三个夏天的考古田野调查。这项工作得到了日本文部科学省科学研究补助金的资助。这份报告概述了从1999年到2001年每年7月和8月进行的田野调查的结果。经过三年的实地考察，发现了一处被护城河和土方工程包围的古代聚居地。在调查工作开始之前，这个遗址被认为与统治托萨米纳托的安藤家族有关，托萨米纳托是当时该地区最重要的港口之一。然而，这次调查的结果表明，它可以追溯到10世纪末~11世纪初。这一发现有…更令专门研究中世纪城堡的考古学家感到惊讶的是，类似的护城河和土方工程密集分布在青森县各地，通常被认为属于仙谷时期(16世纪)。此外，这座城堡的面积为8万平方米，是日本北部最大的古城堡。本季的第二个重大发现是，测量发现，这座城堡内有40多处民居。其中两座是与钢铁生产密切相关的住宅。一号房有七个史密斯的壁炉，二号房有一个。在这两座住宅之间，有两座炼铁炉的遗迹。在这些被发现之前，人们认为被护城河和土方工程包围的定居点具有纯粹的军事意义，作为日本北部部落之间战争的证据，也就是人们所知的“Emishi”。我们现在认为，我们必须重新评估这种定居点的重要性。具体地说，我们应该强调它们作为连接青森县津格鲁平原和北海道南部的集散地的作用。这些考古发现表明，朱三湖周围地区不仅在中世纪，而且在古代都作为贸易中心发挥了非常重要的作用。较少

This is a report on archaeological investigations at Karakawa Castle in the north of Aomori Prefecture, Japan. The site is situated on a hill overlooking the Japan Sea. Three summers of archaeological fieldwork have been carried out by the Department of Archaeology at Toyama University, assisted by the staff of the Shiura Village Board of Education. The work has been funded by a Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education and Science.This report outlines the results of fieldwork undertaken annually in July and August from 1999 to 2001. The three years of fieldwork resulted in the discovery of an ancient settlement site surrounded by a moat and earthworks. Before survey-work here began, this site was thought to have had associations with the Ando Family who ruled Tosa Minato, one of the most important ports in the region at that time. The results of this survey, however, show that it dates back to the late 1Oth 〜 early 11th centuries. This discovery has … More surprised archaeologists who specialize in medieval castles, because similar moats and earthworks, which are densely distributed throughout Aomori, are generally thought to belong to the Sengoku period (16th century). Moreover, the area of this castle is 80,000 square meters, making it the biggest ancient castle in northern Japan.The second major discovery of this season was that the measured surveys revealed more than 40 dwellings inside this castle. Two of them are dwellings strongly associated with iron production. In dwelling no. 1, there are seven smith's hearths, and in dwelling no. 2 there is one. Between the two dwellings, there are the remains of two iron-producing furnaces. Until these came to light, it was thought that settlements surrounded by moats and earthworks were of purely military significance, as evidence of warfare between the tribes of northern Japan, known as 'Emishi'. We now think that we have to re-evaluate the significance of such settlements. Specifically, we should emphasize their role as distribution centers linking the Tsugaru plain in Aomori and the southern part of Hokkaido. These archaeological discoveries show that the area around Lake Ju-san played a remarkably important role as a focus for trade not only in the medieval period but also in ancient times. Less