THE BASIC STUDY OF THE WILD PIG REMAINS FROM THE ISLANDS(IZU ISLANDS, TOKYO AND HOKKAIDO)

对野猪的基础研究仍来自诸岛（伊豆群岛、东京和北海道）

• 批准号: 11610421
• 负责人: YAMAZAKI Kyomi
• 金额: $ 2.24万
• 依托单位: IWAKI JUNIOR COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11610421/
• 关键词: Jomon Age; Japanese wild pig; dwarfishness; Hokkaido; Izu Islands; osteometry; Long Size Index technique; mtDNA analysis; LSI法; 佐渡; 遺伝子分析

Jomon wild pigs have been found in Izu Islands(Oshima, Toshima, Niijima, Miyakejima, Hatijojima)and Hokkaido where no wild pigs can survive now. The major hypothesis for this phenomenon is that Jomon people carried them into islands from Honshu and domesticated them. We examined archaeological bone remains, excavated from 8 sites, Hokkaido and 6 sites, Izu Islands, furthermore 28 sites from Honshu as references to those from Izu Islands and Hokkaido. Long Size Index(LSI)of ancient wild pigs certifies that Hokkaido populations is larger than Honshu groups, but Izu Islands population was significantly smaller than Honshu groups. From the analyses of the estimation of tooth eruption and wear, Hokkaido and Izu Islands populations differ from Honshu population, namely the Islands populations lack subadult animals, although Honshu populations is composed from young animals to fully adult animals.On the other hand, the analysis of mitochondrial DNA were phylogenetically classified into the Japanese wild pig(Sus scrofa leucomystax)and suggested that the Islands wild pigs were carried by people into there from Honshu. And the mandibles of the Japanese wild pigs from various geographical locations were examined. The analyses of the geographical variation of size and shape has been suggested that the body size is larger in colder districts than in warmer ones. However, the dwarfishness should not be easily split only from the size, because it might be concern with the size of island and the altitude as wall as the Bergmann's rule.These result will contribute that this animals was introduced to the Islands by ancient people, however, in the future, we should examine the possibility of domestication in Jomon period.

在伊豆群岛（大岛、丰岛、新岛、三宅岛、八丈岛）和北海道发现了绳文野猪，现在那里没有野猪可以生存。这种现象的主要假设是绳文人从本州将它们带到岛屿并驯化它们。我们研究了从北海道的8个遗址和伊豆群岛的6个遗址出土的考古骨骼遗骸，此外还研究了本州岛的28个遗址，作为伊豆群岛和北海道遗址的参考。长径指数（LSI）表明，北海道种群大于本州种群，而伊豆群岛种群显著小于本州种群。从牙齿萌出和磨损估计的分析来看，北海道和伊豆群岛种群与本州种群不同，即岛屿种群缺乏亚成体动物，尽管本州种群由幼年动物到完全成年动物组成。线粒体DNA的分析结果表明，日本野猪属于日本野猪（Sus scrofa leucomystax），并建议岛上的野猪是由人们从本州带到那里的。并对不同地理位置的日本野猪的下颌骨进行了研究。对体长和体形地理变异的分析表明，寒冷地区的体长大于温暖地区。然而，不能简单地从大小来区分矮性，因为它可能与岛屿的大小和海拔高度有关，就像Bergmann的规则一样。这些结果将有助于这种动物是由古代人引入岛屿的，但将来，我们应该检查绳文时代驯化的可能性。

项目成果

Hideki ENDO,Yoshihiro HAYASHI,Motoki SASAKI,Kazue TANAKA and Kyomi YAMAZAKI: "Geographical Variation of Mandible Size and Shape in the Japanese Wild Pig(Susscrofa leucomystax)"J.Vet.Med.Sci.. 62(8). 815-820 (2000)

Hideki ENDO、Yoshihiro HAYASHI、Motoki SASAKI、Kazue TANAKA 和 Kyomi YAMAZAKI：“日本野猪 (Susscrofa leucomystax) 下颌骨大小和形状的地理变异”J.Vet.Med.Sci. 62(8)。

Hideki ENDO, Yoshihiro HAYASHI, Motoki SASAKI, Kazue TANAKA and Kyomi YAMAZAKI: "Geographical Variation of Mandible Size and Shape in the Japanese Wild Pig(Sus scrofa leucomystax)"J.Vet.Med.Sci.. 62(8). 315-320 (2000)

Hideki ENDO、Yoshihiro HAYASHI、Motoki SASAKI、Kazue TANAKA 和 Kyomi YAMAZAKI：“日本野猪 (Sus scrofa leucomystax) 下颌骨大小和形状的地理变异”J.Vet.Med.Sci. 62(8)。

Hideki ENDO: "Geographical Variation of Mandible Size and Shape in the Japanese Wild Pig (Sus scrofa leucomystax)"J.Vet.Med.Sci.. 62・8. 815-820 (2000)

远藤英树：“日本野猪（Sus scrofa leucomystax）下颌骨大小和形状的地理变异”J.Vet.Med.Sci. 62・8（2000）。