The basic research of the ancient glass production in East Asia

本研究旨在对东亚古代玻璃生产进行全面的阐释。花了三年时间研究材料，制作工具和产品。第一年，制作玻璃和玻璃珠所需的贝壳状玻璃熔炉和小珠模具被确定了年代。第二年，出土了玻璃制品，最后一年出土了与玻璃生产有关的铅玻璃釉陶器。因此，在古代东亚，特别是日本和朝鲜，使用贝壳状玻璃熔炉的时间是在公元前6 - 8年<th>。每一个都被用来制造铅玻璃，韩国的更古老。在韩国，不仅在百济地区，而且在新罗地区也发现了这种材料。在日本的20个遗址中，出土了小珠子的模具，这些模具的年代可以追溯到之前的高丰时期（公元前4世纪<th>）。至奈良时期（公元前8世纪<th>），和frpm Sites在韩国。韩国的比较老，有可能 ...更多信息 日本出土的一些模具是从朝鲜带来的，通过与朝鲜和日本的比较，可以看出：(1)除了从新罗的墓葬中发现的玻璃器皿外，玻璃制品基本上都是珠子。(2)玻璃的种类随着时代的变化而变化，在韩国和日本都有铅钡玻璃（铅玻璃），钾玻璃，钠钙玻璃，高铅玻璃。这两个国家的变化非常相似。(3)至于以铅为釉的玻璃陶器在韩国和日本也有共同之处。铅玻璃最初用于制作屋顶瓦等物品，后来用于器皿，可见朝鲜和日本的玻璃熔壶和小珠模具的形状、玻璃种类的变化、铅玻璃釉陶的外观都非常相似。因此，可以推测日本古代的玻璃制造技术是在公元前6世纪末直接从朝鲜引进的<th>。但<th>这种技术可能起源于中国。为了了解东亚古代玻璃生产，应研究中国出土的玻璃制品、玻璃制作工具和铅玻璃釉陶器。少

This research aims at the comprehensive elucidation about the ancient glass production in East Asia. It took three years to research into the materials, making tools and products. At the first year, shell-shaped glass melting pots and molds for small beads, which are necessary to make glass and glass beads were dated At the next year, excavated glass objects, and lead glass glazed pottery related to glass production at the last year.As a result, in Ancient East Asia especially Japan and Korea, shell-shaped glass melting pots were used in 6th to 8^<th> B.C. These were excavated from 20sites in Japan, 3sites in Korea. Each of them were used for makinglead glass, and Korean ones are older. In Korea, such materials were found in not only Paekche area, but also Silla area. Molds for small beads were excavated from 20sites in Japan which are dated from the previous Ko fun period (4^<th> B.C.) to Nara period (8^<th> B.C.), and frpm Ssites in Korea. Korean ones are older and there is possibili … More ty that some molds excavated in Japan were brought from Korea.By making comparison between Korea and Japan, the followings become clear. (1) Except for glass vessel found from the burial mound of Silla, glass products are basically beads. (2) The types of glass had changed with the times, lead barium glass(lead glass), potash glass, soda lime glass, high-lead glass, both in Korea and Japan. These changes in both country are very similar. (3) As to lead glass glazed pottery in Korea and Japan are also in common. At first, lead glass was used for making objects such as roof-tiles, and after that, applied to vessels.It is clear that, the shapes of glass melting pots and molds for small beads, the change of glass type, the appearance of lead glass glazed pottery are very similar in Korea and Japan. Therefore, it is supposed that ancient glass making technique in Japan was directly imported from Korea in the last of 6^<th>B.C.-7^<th>B.C. But that technique might have originated in China. For the purpose of understanding the ancient glass production in East Asia, glass products, glass-making tools and lead-glass glazed pottery excavated in China should be studied. Less