The Positive and Legally Philosophical Study on Establishments of Norm in the Ways How to Die

这项研究旨在探索“安乐死”，这是当今死亡的一种方式。首先进行了事实研究，通过邮政调查，采用自填制问卷的方式，展示了日本医生和护士对自愿安乐死（VE）的态度和做法，并比较了他们在这方面的态度和做法，其中大部分与之前在澳大利亚和荷兰进行的调查相同。研究发现，与澳大利亚或荷兰的医生相比，日本医生往往更多地考虑病人家属的意见，而不是病人本人的意见。研究还发现，日本护士很少参与VE，但日本医务人员对VE的态度普遍比澳大利亚和荷兰医务人员更为消极。其次，本研究对安乐死进行了理论研究。人们发现，我们需要一个比英美或西欧的理论更全面的理论，这些理论似乎过于个人主义，以自决理论为基础。我们，特别是东亚人，应该需要一个既考虑个人意见又考虑家庭意见的理论。因此，本研究将尝试构建基于家庭的安乐死理论，特别是展示东亚人对安乐死的态度。

This research aims to explore "euthanasia" which is one of the ways how to die these days. First it conducted the research on facts to demonstrate Japanese doctors' and nurses' attitudes towards and practices of voluntary euthanasia (VE) and compare their attitudes and practices in this regard, by postal survey using a self-administrated questionnaire, most of which are as same as those conducted in Australia and Holland before. It was found that Japanese medical practitioners tend to take into far more consideration the opinion of the patient family, not of the patient herself or himself, compared with ones in Australia or Holland. It was also found that Japanese nurses are hardly involved in VE, though Japanese medical practitioners are generally more passive attitude towards VE than Australian and Dutch ones.Secondly this research conducted theoretical studies on euthanasia. It was found that we need a more comprehensive theory than Anglo-American or West-European one which seems too individualistic based on a self-determination theory. We, especially East Asian people, are supposed to need the theory which takes into account as much family's opinion as individual's one on his or her death.So thirdly this research will try to construct the family-based theory on euthanasia, especially demonstrating East-Asian people's attitudes towards VE.