lean State and administrative modernization (New Public Management) in the Federal Republic Germany

我们可以在德国和日本看到类似的国家职能重建。这种行政“现代化”是行政发展的一个特殊过程，对国家和改革的动机作出反应，这些动机超越了“精简国家”或“新公共管理”等现代化概念。它必然是一种传统，并融入到特定的行政文化中。它需要对合理性作出具体的行政承诺，一方面，这与根据未来减少公共任务而制定的物质合理性标准是对立的，但正如宪政国家和传统的官僚模式所显示的那样，这种标准在今天仍然要求在改组公共行政时予以考虑。因此，在计划、组织、程序和个人层面上，行政结构的各自变化并不代表一种唐突的剧变。同样，英美现代化战略的范围在德意志联邦共和国行政现代化的背景下也受到限制，因为德意志联邦共和国的行政现代化具有特定的行政文化背景，而且是在一个国家的条件下并受法治的支配。（Cf.Rainer Pitschas，行政现代化与个人发展）

We can see the similar reconstruction of the state functions in Germany and Japan. This administrative "modernization" is a particular process of administration development and responds to those motivations of a state and reform that lie beyond such modernization concepts as "lean State" or "New Public Management". It is bound to be traditions and woven into a particular administrative culture. It entails specific administrative commitments to rationality, which, on one hand, are opposed to the criteria of material rationality according to a future reduction of public tasks, but which demand still today as is shown by the constitutional State and the traditional model of bureaucracy to be taken into account in the reorganization of the public administration. The respective change of administrative structures on the levels of program, organization, procedure and personal therefore does not represent a brusque upheaval. Similarly, the scope of Anglo-American strategies of modernization is limited in the context of the administrative modernization in the Federal Republic of Germany with its specific setting of a given administrative culture and under the conditions of a State and governed by the Rule of Law. (Cf.Rainer Pitschas, Administrative Modernization ＆ Personal Development)