A study on the Digital Watermarking and Copyright Protection Method for 3D Geometric Models

3D几何模型数字水印及版权保护方法研究

• 批准号: 11650113
• 负责人: KANAI Satoshi
• 金额: $ 2.37万
• 依托单位: HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11650113/
• 关键词: DIGITAL WATERMARKING; CAD; GEOMETRIC MODEL; INFORMATION SEQUIRITY; POLYGONAL MODEL; COMPUTER GRAPHICS; WAVELET TRANSFORM

The purpose of this research is to develop the new digital watermarking methods for 3D geometric models in the area of CAD, CAM, CAE and CG.Watermarking is one of the copyright protection methods where an invisible watermark is secretly embedded into the original data. The proposed watermarking method is based on wavelet transform and multi-resolution representation of the 3D geometric models.In this research, large-scale polygon, solid and surface models were firstly designed using commercial 3-D CAD systems. Then the series of operations consisting watermark embedding on these models, coordinate transformation and modification of models, and watermark extraction were executed in order to evaluate the performance of proposed watermarking method.The robustness of the watermark for external attacks, capacity of embeddable watermark and the geometric error caused by watermark embedding were evaluated quantitatively. The following results were obtained ;(1) The embedded watermarks were completely kept under the affine transformation.(2) The geometric error of the models caused by the embedding could be easily kept within the specified tolerances.(3) The embedded watermarks were robust to the several attacks such as noise superposition and vertex modification on the models.(4) The embedded watermarks were not robust to the cropping operation for the models.Furthermore, the developed watermarking method was improved so as to be applied to the watermarking for 2D vector data such as digital map. As a result of the experiment, it was verified that the visual quality of the data could be kept, the capacity of the watermark was large enough to store the copyright data, and the watermark was very robust to the noise superposition on the vertex coordinates.In the future, the modification of the algorithm will be necessary so that the embedded watermark becomes more robust to the cropping operation for the 2-D or 3-D geometric models.

本研究的目的是在CAD、CAM、CAE和CG领域开发新的三维几何模型数字水印方法。水印是在原始数据中秘密嵌入不可见水印的版权保护方法之一。该方法基于小波变换和三维几何模型的多分辨率表示。在本研究中，首先利用商用三维CAD系统设计了大型多边形、实体和曲面模型。然后对这些模型进行水印嵌入、模型坐标变换与修改、水印提取等一系列操作，以评价所提出的水印方法的性能。定量评价了水印对外部攻击的鲁棒性、可嵌入水印的容量以及水印嵌入引起的几何误差。得到以下结果：(1)在仿射变换下完全保留嵌入的水印。(2)嵌入后的模型几何误差易于控制在规定的公差范围内。(3)嵌入的水印对模型的噪声叠加和顶点修改等攻击具有较强的鲁棒性。(4)嵌入的水印对模型的裁剪操作不具有鲁棒性。进一步，对所提出的水印方法进行了改进，使其适用于数字地图等二维矢量数据的水印。实验结果表明，该水印能够保持数据的视觉质量，水印容量足以存储版权数据，并且水印对顶点坐标上的噪声叠加具有很强的鲁棒性。今后还需要对算法进行改进，使所嵌入的水印对二维或三维几何模型的裁剪操作具有更强的鲁棒性。

项目成果

Satoshi KANAI: "Digital Watermarking for 3D Polygons using Multiresolution Wavelet Decomposition"Proceedings of 6^<th> IFIP Workshop on Geometric Modeling. 296-307 (1998)

Satoshi KANAI：“使用多分辨率小波分解的 3D 多边形数字水印”第六届 IFIP 几何建模研讨会论文集。

Ikuhiro KITAMURA et al: "Digital Watermarking method for Vector Map based on Wavelet Transform"Papers and Proceedings of the Geographic Information Systems Association. Vol.9. 417-421 (2000)

Ikuhiro KITAMURA等人：《基于小波变换的矢量地图数字水印方法》地理信息系统协会论文和会议论文集。

北村伊久裕: "離散フーリエ変換に基づくベクトル型データへの電子透かし手法"情報処理学会 第62回全国大会講演論文集. (CDROM). 1R-1 (2001)

Ikuhiro Kitamura：“基于离散傅里叶变换的矢量数据的电子水印方法”第 62 届日本信息处理学会全国会议论文集（CDROM）（2001 年）。

Satoshi KANAI et al: "Digital Watermarking for 3D Polygons using Multiresolution Wavelet Decomposition"Proceedings of 6^<th> IFIP Workshop on Geometric Modeling. 296-307 (1998)

Satoshi KANAI 等人：“使用多分辨率小波分解的 3D 多边形数字水印”第六届 IFIP 几何建模研讨会论文集。

北村伊久裕: "離散フーリエ変換に基づくベクトル型データへの電子透かし手法"情報処理学会 第62回全国大会講演論文集. 未定. (2001)

Ikuhiro Kitamura：“基于离散傅里叶变换的矢量数据的电子水印方法”日本信息处理学会第 62 届全国会议论文集（2001 年）。