Reconstruction Process of Damaged Buildings in Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and Analysis of Effects of Measures for Supporting Reconstruction in Disaster Area

我们对神户神户大地震后5年来灾区倒塌建筑物的拆除和重建情况进行了调查，并对受灾群众进行了受损房屋和商店重建情况的问卷调查。我们首先展示了5年来受损建筑重建的进展情况，并分析了造成重建延迟的主要因素。然后根据居民意见对重建工作对居住环境的影响进行评估，并考察地方政府的恢复政策对重建进度的影响。最后，通过这次地震的试验，为今后的防灾预案提供了一些借鉴。研究的主要结果如下：1)展示了整个研究区域内重建建筑的时间和空间分布，并指出了重建延迟的城镇街区。2)导致…延迟的因素更多的表现为重建地块小，道路狭窄，重建资金短缺，资金难以获得，资助申请程序复杂，重建项目未能达成社会协议等。3)整个研究区域由三个区组成，不同的恢复政策适用。通过分析这三个区重建进度的差异，检验了这些政策的效果。4)大量建筑物被改建成预制结构和更高的结构。仍有许多空置地块尚未重建建筑物。揭示了灾区居民对灾后重建工作对居住环境变化的评价。5)灾后重建周期长、耗费力量大。这意味着有必要在平时找出小建筑、旧建筑和木结构集中的危险区域，并在灾难发生前采取一些措施，使这些区域更加安全。较少

We have conducted surveys on the removal and reconstruction of collapsed buildings in a disaster area of Kobe city for 5 years after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and also questionnaire surveys to affected people on the reconstruction of their damaged houses and shops. We first showed the progress of reconstruction of damaged buildings during 5 years and analyzed Main factors that had caused delays in the reconstruction. Then the changes in living environment caused by the reconstruction work were assessed based on residents opinions and the effects of recovery polices by local government on the progress of reconstruction were examined. Finally some lessons were referred for future disaster prevention plans from the experiment of this earthquake. The main findings of the study are as follows.1) We showed time and space distributions of reconstructed buildlings in the whole study area and pointed the town blocks that showed delays in the reconstruction.2) Factors causing delays in … More the reconstruction were shown : small housing lots and narrow roads adjacent to such lots shortage of funds for the reconstruction difficulties in obtaining financial supports complicated application procedures for the supports and failure in reaching social agreement to reconstruction project etc.3) The whole study area consists of three districts where different recovery policies were applied. The effects of those policies were examined through analysis of differences in the progress of reconstruction among those three districts.4) A large number of buildings have been rebuilt into prefabricated and taller structures. There are still many vacant lots left where buildings have not been reconstructed. We revealed residents evaluation on changes in living environment caused by the reconstruction work.5) It takes long period and costs huge effort to reconstruct disaster area after the earthquake. This means the necessity of finding out dangerous districts with concentration of small, old and wooden structures in usual time and implementing some measures to make such districts safer before the disaster. Less