Estimation and Evaluation of Effects of Transportation Demand Management Measures for Trucks on the Improvement of Environment along Arterial Roads

阪神沿海地区是日本工业密度最高的地区之一。它包括神户港和大阪港，以及沿大阪湾海岸线延伸的阪神工业区。因此，大量的货运车辆集中在这一地区。大型卡车排放的氮氧化物(NOx)和悬浮颗粒物(SPM)是一个严重的环境问题，特别是在主干道沿线。本研究旨在评估卡车运输需求管理(TDM)措施对改善主干道沿线环境的效果。本研究的主要内容如下。a)分析韩新沿海地区卡车的交通流量模式及其对环境的负面影响。b)根据对商业机构的意见调查结果，分析对引入卡车TDM措施的态度。c)评估和评估具体的TDM措施，特别是税收(包括燃油税、碳税)对减少汽车交通的影响，以及道路收费对分流卡车交通的影响。d)利用GPS(全球定位系统)开发信息系统，以提高车队运营和管理的效率。并通过现场试验检验其有效性。e)通过其示范项目，审查在阪神地区采用具体的TDM措施(综合货运系统)的可能性。

The Hanshin coastal area is one of the most densely industrial districts in Japan. It includes the ports of Kobe and Osaka, and Hanshin industrial area, which stretches along the Osaka Bay coastline. As a result, a tremendous amount of freight vehicle traffic is concentrated in this area. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) discharged from large trucks are a serious environment problem, especially along arterial roads. This study aims to estimate and evaluate the effects of TDM (Transportation Demand Management) measures for trucks on the improvement of environment along major roads. Main contents of this study are the followings.a) Analysis of traffic flow pattern of trucks in Hanshin coastal area and their negative impacts on environment.b) Analysis of attitude to the introduction of TDM measures for trucks on the basis of the findings of opinion survey to business establishments.c) Estimation and evaluation of the effects of specific TDM measures, especially tax (including fuel tax, carbon tax) for reducing car traffic, and road pricing for diverting truck traffic from environmentally vulnerable area.d) Development of information systems using GPS (Global Positioning System) to make fleet operation and management more efficient, and examination of their effectiveness by field experiments.e) Examination of the possibilities of introduction of a specific TDM measure (consolidated freight transportation system) in the Hanshin area through its demonstration project.