Production of Leymus racemosus chromosome addition lines of common wheat and their evaluation as breeding materials

普通小麦赖草染色体附加系的产生及其育种材料评价

• 批准号: 11660008
• 负责人: TSUJIMOTO Hisashi
• 金额: $ 1.92万
• 依托单位: Yokohama City University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11660008/
• 关键词: wheat; addition line; Leymus racemosus; repetitive sequence; centromere; stress tolerance; chromosome marker; Triticeae; 反複配列; コムギ; 染色体; FISH; ヘテロクロマチン

Leymus racemosus (2n=28) is a wild perennial species in Triticeae and grows in seashore and dry land. Its vigorous growth and habit suggest that this plant has tolerance to biological and abiological stresses. In this research, common wheat plants carrying one or a pair of chromosomes of Leymus racemosus were selected. For this study, we first isolated repetitive DNA sequences that could be used as the markers for each L.racemosus chromosome. By in situ hybridization using these DNA sequences as the probes, we drew an ideogram of the chromosomes of L.racemosus. We have now already obtained eight disomic addition lines and four monosomic addition lines. The remaining two chromosomes were not transmitted to the progeny. By contrast, chromosome 'J2' was transmitted preferentially from the male gametes. The addition lines showed various morphologic changes, such as tapered spikes and awned lemma. The tolerance for pre-harvest sprouting were examined by the following method : A population of wheat plants including miscellaneous chromosome(s) of L.racemosus was harvested in the middle of rainy season, and the spikes and seeds were repeatedly dried and soaked. All addition lines obtained in this research are now evaluated in cooperation with plant pathologists in the other institutions. In this study we unexpectedly found that one repetitive sequence, named TaiI-family, showed the signals on the centromeric regions of common wheat though it had been originally characterized as a terminal heterochromatin sequence in L.racemosus chromosomes. TaiI-family is the first repetitive sequence found in the centromeric regions of common wheat chromosomes.

Leymus racemosus (2n=28) 是小麦科多年生野生植物，生长于海滨和旱地。其旺盛的生长和习性表明该植物对生物和非生物胁迫具有耐受性。本研究选择携带一条或一对总状羊草染色体的普通小麦植株。在这项研究中，我们首先分离出重复的 DNA 序列，这些序列可用作每条总状乳杆菌染色体的标记。通过使用这些DNA序列作为探针进行原位杂交，我们绘制了L.racemosus染色体的表意文字。我们现在已经获得了八个二体附加系和四个单体附加系。其余两条染色体没有遗传给后代。相比之下，染色体“J2”优先从雄配子传递。加法线显示出各种形态变化，例如锥形尖刺和有芒外稃。通过以下方法检验收获前发芽的耐受性：在雨季中期收获包含总状麦草杂染色体的小麦植株群体，并将穗和种子反复干燥和浸泡。本研究中获得的所有附加品系现在均与其他机构的植物病理学家合作进行评估。在这项研究中，我们意外地发现一个名为TaiI家族的重复序列在普通小麦的着丝粒区域显示出信号，尽管它最初被定性为总状小麦染色体中的末端异染色质序列。 TaiI家族是在普通小麦染色体着丝粒区域中发现的第一个重复序列。

项目成果

M.Kishii: "A tandem repetitive sequence located in the centromeric region of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) chromosomes"Chromosome Research. 9(印刷中). (2001)

M.Kishii：“位于普通小麦（Triticum aestivum）染色体着丝粒区域的串联重复序列”染色体研究（2001 年）。

Kishii,M., Nagaki,K., Tsujimoto,H., Sasakuma,T.: "Exclusive localization of fandem repetitive sequences in subtelomeric heterochromatin regions of Leymus racemosus (Poaceae,Trificeae,)"Chromosome Research. 7. 519-529 (1999)

Kishii,M.、Nagaki,K.、Tsujimoto,H.、Sasakuma,T.：“羊草亚端粒异染色质区域中 fandem 重复序列的独家定位”染色体研究。

M.Kishii, K.Nagaki, H.Tsujimoto: "A tandem repetitive sequence located in the centromeric region of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) chromosomes"(in press). (2001)

M.Kishii、K.Nagaki、H.Tsujimoto：“位于普通小麦（Triticum aestivum）染色体着丝粒区域的串联重复序列”（正在出版）。