Studies on the Characteristics of Differentiation and Degeneration of Spikelets and Grain-filling in High-yielding Rice Cultivars with Large Panicles

大穗水稻高产品种小穗分化退化及灌浆特性研究

• 批准号: 11660018
• 负责人: YAMAMOTO Yoshinori
• 金额: $ 2.43万
• 依托单位: Kochi University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11660018/
• 关键词: Degenerated spikelet; Differentiated spikelet; Environmental factors; Grain filling; Large panicle cultivar; Rice; Sink capacity; Surviving spikelet; 溢泌液; 穎花; 国際研究者交流; 遮光; ジベレリー; 品種; 乾物重; 窒素吸収量; 頴花分化; 頴花退化; 窒素追肥; リン酸追肥

This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of the differentiation and degeneration of spikelets and the grain-filling in high-yielding rice cultivars with large panicles (LP-HYC) bred in China, Korea, the Philippines and other countries in recent years. The results were summarized as follows ;1. The number of differentiated and degenerated spikelets, and the percentage of degenerated spikelets varied considerably among LP-HYCs, but the number of degenerated spikelets was much larger in the differentiated spikelets on the secondary rachis-branch (SB) than those on the primary rachis-branch of panicle (PB). The major part of degenerated spikelets on SB was derived from the degenerated SBs on the surviving PB.2. Nitrogen top-dressing at tillering stage to LP-HYCs increased the number of differentiated spikelets per panicle as well as the panicle number, but greater increase in the percentage of degenerated spikelets at the same time decreased the number of surviving spikelets.3. Nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium application at 40-20days before heading increased the number of surviving spikelets due to the increase in differentiation and the decrease in degeneration of spikelets in LP-HYCs. The heavy shading and high-day and/or night temperature during 15 days before heading increased the percentage of degenerated spikelets. The percentage of degenerated spikelets decreased with the increase of shoot dry weight per stem (SDW) and SDW per differentiated spikelets at heading.4. Contribution ratio of the stored carbohydrate in the culm and leaf sheath at heading and the assimilated carbohydrate after heading to the grain-filling varied so much among cultivars belonging to LP-HYC and by the cultivated conditions.

对近年来在中国、韩国、菲律宾等国育成的高产大穗型水稻品种(LP-HYC)的小穗分化退化和籽粒灌浆特性进行了研究。主要研究结果如下：1.不同Lp-HYC的分化小穗数、退化小穗数和退化小穗百分率差异较大，但二次轴分枝(SB)的分化小穗退化小穗数明显多于一次轴分枝小穗(PB)。SB上的退化小穗主要来源于存活的PBS上的退化小穗。对LP-HYCs进行分蘖期追施氮肥能增加每穗分化小穗数和穗数，但同时小穗退化百分率增加较多，成活小穗数减少。抽穗前40~20d施氮、磷、钾肥可增加水稻小穗的分化，减少小穗退化，从而增加成活小穗数。抽穗前15天重度遮荫和昼夜高温使小穗退化百分率增加。小穗退化百分率随抽穗期单茎地上部干重(SDW)和每分化小穗SDW的增加而降低。抽穗期茎叶鞘贮藏碳水化合物和抽穗后同化碳水化合物对籽粒灌浆的贡献率因品种和栽培条件的不同而有较大差异。

项目成果

姚 友礼: "中国産多収性水稲品種の穎花分化および退化に及ぼす窒素追肥の影響"日本作物学会四国支部紀事. 36. 78-79 (1999)

Yurei Yao：“施氮肥对中国高产水稻品种小穗分化和退化的影响”日本作物学会四国分会杂志 36. 78-79 (1999)。

Yao Youli: "Response of differentiated and regenerated spikelets to top-dressing, shading and day/night temperature treatments in rice cultivars with large panicle"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 46. 631-641 (2000)

姚友利：“大穗水稻品种分化再生小穗对追肥、遮荫和昼夜温度处理的响应”土壤科学与植物营养。

Yao Youli: "Macro-element absorption at maturity in relation to grain yield in high-yielding rice cultivars"Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 46・4. 815-824 (2000)

姚友利：“高产水稻品种成熟期大量元素吸收与籽粒产量的关系”，土壤科学与植物营养，815-824。

Tahmid Hossain Ansari: "Charactertics of spikelet differentiation and degeneration among rice cultivars belongs to different eco-species of rice"Abst. Ann. Meeting, Japan. Soc. Soil Sci. and Plant Nutri.. 47. 110 (2001)

Tahmid Hossain Ansari：“不同生态水稻品种的小穗分化和退化特征”摘要。

Yao Youli: "Heterosis of number of differentiated, degenerated and surviving spikelets and their relation to the dry matter production in F_1 hybrid of rice"Japanese Journal of Crop Science. 69(Extra issue 2). 16-17 (2000)

姚友利：“杂交水稻F_1中分化、退化和存活小穗数量的杂种优势及其与干物质生产的关系”《日本作物科学杂志》。