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Ecological Studies on strategy of habitat selection of sea urchins.

海胆生境选择策略的生态学研究。

基本信息

批准号：
11660177
负责人：
AGATSUMA Yukio
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Verticlal distribution of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus in relation to algal zonation was studied monthly from April 1998 to May 1999 at a permanent quadrat (100 m^2) in intertidal and subtidal zones in Onagawa of Miyagi Prefecture. From seasonal changes in size, gonadal development and food algae in gut contents, the factor leading the sea urchins to migrate seasonally was studied.H. pulcherrimus distributed densely under rocks at depths of 0-0.3 m in gentle slope where small algae grew throughout the year. The sea urchins migrated from deep waters where crustose coralline red algae grew dominatly to the community of small algae from October to March, then remained there. Strongylocentrotus nudus distributed densely in deep waters and migrated to the small algae in shallow waters from summer to autumn, then returned to deep waters in winter. Gonadal indices (gonad weight X 100/body weight) of H. pulcherrimus at crustose corallines were markedly lower than those at the community of small algae. From histological observation of gonads, from October to March when the sea urchins migrated, gonads developed from growing to mature and spawning successively. Therefore it is considered that the migration from deep waters to shallow waters was caused by foraging activity to succeed in maturation and spawning. From gut contents observation, the thallophyta Chondrus spp. Acrosorium polyneurum, and Sargassum spp. were supplied to the sea urchins as foods at the community of small algae. Contrary, poor food resouces at crustose coralline community reduced gonadal development of the sea urchin. It is concluded that the sea urchins migrated to the community of small algae to forage Acrosorium polyneurum as food.

1998年4月至1999年5月，在宫城县女川潮间带和潮下带的一个固定样地（100 m^2）逐月研究了海胆的垂直分布与藻类地带性的关系。从海胆的体型、性腺发育和肠道内容物中食物藻类的季节性变化等方面，研究了导致海胆季节性迁徙的因素。在平缓斜坡0 ~ 0.3 m的岩石下密集分布，小藻类常年生长。10月至3月，海胆从以甲壳珊瑚红藻为主的深水区迁移到小藻群落，并在此停留。裸圆梭菌夏季至秋季在深水区密集分布，夏季至秋季向浅水小藻迁移，冬季返回深水区。珊瑚虫群落的性腺指数（性腺重量× 100/体重）明显低于小藻群落。从性腺的组织学观察来看，从海胆迁徙的10月到次年3月，性腺从生长到成熟、产卵依次发育。因此，认为从深水到浅水的迁移是觅食活动导致的，以成功地成熟和产卵。从肠道内容物观察，在小藻群落中，球藻、多神经顶藻和马尾藻是海胆的食物来源。相反，甲壳珊瑚群落食物资源贫乏，使海胆的性腺发育减慢。由此推断，海胆迁移到小藻群落中，是为了觅食多刺藻作为食物。