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Theoretical and Empirical Study on Agricultural Trade Policy

农产品贸易政策的理论与实证研究

基本信息

批准号：
11660213
负责人：
SAITO Katsuhiro
金额：
$ 1.02万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11660213/
关键词：
Agricultural Trade Policy Tariff Policy Distortion Second Best Policy Piece Meal Trade Policy Short-run Effect 国境保護削減輸入数量制限地域産業連関分析

项目摘要

Agricultural sector in Japan is protected by the trade policy such as tariff and import quota. The ultimate purpose of WTO is to promote the free trade, and is based on the proposition that the social economic welfare is maximized by the free trade. When there are distortions other than agricultural sector, it is not desirable to pay attention only to the agricultural distortion from the viewpoints of the theory of second best. This arise the problem how distortions should be removed for welfare improving. To consider this problem, we first consider the welfare-improving tariff reduction method under the condition. In the basic model, all distortions are assumed to be brought about by tariff system. The basic message from this model is that highest tariff should be removed at least to the second highest tariff rate. Second, we extend the basic model for allowing non-tradable goods and import quota system. The lesson from extended model is that if there includes import quota, difference between shadow price and world price should be used as "tariff" for quota commodities. For reduction of trade restriction, the basic message can also be applied. Both factors of production and products are treated symmetrically in this model, we do not achieve to develop a theoretical model which accounts for peculiarity of factor markets such as labor market segmentation. Therefore, we add some numerical evaluation of short run social cost for labor market adjustment by employing Input Output analysis in order to show the importance of factor market conditions.

日本的农业受到关税和进口配额等贸易政策的保护。世界贸易组织的最终目的是促进自由贸易，建立在通过自由贸易实现社会经济福利最大化的命题之上。当存在农业部门以外的扭曲时，仅从次优理论的角度关注农业扭曲是不可取的。这就产生了如何消除扭曲以改善福利的问题。为了考虑这一问题，我们首先考虑在此条件下提高福利的关税削减方法。在基本模型中，所有的扭曲都假定是由关税制度引起的。这个模型的基本信息是，最高关税至少应该被取消到第二高的关税税率。二是扩大了非贸易货物允许和进口配额制度的基本模式。扩展模型的教训是，如果包含进口配额，则应将影子价格与国际价格之差作为配额商品的“关税”。对于减少贸易限制，基本信息也可以适用。在这个模型中，生产要素和产品都是对称的，我们没有建立一个理论模型来解释要素市场的特殊性，如劳动力市场分割。因此，我们采用投入产出分析法，对劳动力市场调整的短期社会成本进行数值评价，以显示要素市场条件的重要性。