Ion Specifictiy at Charged Surfaces

这里提出的项目将侧重于由柔性膜或固体基质与带电和未带电的胶体接触的复合系统，如聚合物和纳米颗粒。这些胶体可以分散在周围的溶液中，这是吸附现象中遇到的情况，或者它们可能通过锚定或接枝片段附着到膜或基质上。在柔性膜的情况下，与胶体的相互作用改变了膜的优先曲率，并调节了它们的粘附性和粘附性。我们在这里提出的两个具体问题是：(P1)粘在膜上的胶体，以及(P2)由电荷引起的膜/胶体相互作用。例如，实验应用是蛋白质，它们要么通过疏水锚链连接到膜上，要么通过糖杯间接结合到膜上，或者被物理吸附。静电相互作用被认为在生物和仿生系统中起着重要作用，因为几乎所有的蛋白质都是带电的。对于固体基质，吸附层对基质-胶体相互作用的依赖性和结构以及胶体溶液的性质是最令人感兴趣的。这里我们考虑的具体问题是(P3)附加的短程底物-聚合物吸引对带电聚合物(聚电解质)在带电底物上吸附的影响和(P4)聚合物刚性对聚合物吸附行为的影响。法国-德国网络为这一部分提出的与研究主体的联系源于这样一个事实，即生物聚合物通常相当僵硬，并且同时带电。

The projects proposed here will focus on compound systems which consist of flexible membranes or solid substrates in contact with charged and uncharged colloids such as polymers and nanoparticles. These colloids may be dispersed in the surrounding solution, which is the situation encountered in adsorption phenomena, or they may be attached to the membrane or substrate by anchor or grafting segments. In the case of flexible membranes the interactions with colloids change the preferred curvature of the membranes and modulate their adhesive and cohesive properties. Two specific problems which we propose here are: (P1) Adhesive colloids which stick to the membranes, and (P2) Membrane/colloid interactions arising from electric charges. Experimental applications are for example proteins which are either attached to a membrane via hydrophobic anchor segments, bound indirectly to the membrane through the glycocalix, or physisorbed. Electrostatic interactions supposedly play an important role in biological and biomimetic systems, since almost all proteins are charged. In the case of solid substrates, the dependence and structure of the adsorption layer on the substrate-colloids interaction and the properties of the colloidal solution are of prime interest. The specific problems we have in mind here are (P3) The influence of additional short-ranged substrate-polymer attraction for the adsorption of charged polymers (polyelectrolytes) on charged substrates and (P4) The influence of polymer rigidity on the adsorption behaivor of polymers. The connection to the main-body of research proposed in the French-German Network for this part results from the fact that biopolymers are in general rather stiff and charged at the same time.