Annual and daily changes of the Amazon river water level

1.亚马逊河Armugl水位变化：里奥内格罗河的年水位循环反映了流域的降雨特征，即雨季和枯季。马瑙斯的水位通常在6月下旬达到顶峰，10月下旬达到谷底。根据IBGE(1977,1991)，水位从1月初开始上升，用了8个月的时间逐渐接近最大值，然后在6月下旬又在4个月内回到最低水平。马瑙斯港的数据显示了1903年至1991年间年最大值和最小值的89年移动平均值。波尔图的数据显示，年最大值和最小值每年都有所不同。年平均水位最高为27.70m，标准差(σ)为1.13；年平均水位最低为17.81m，σ为1.88。The Lowσfor Th…与年度最低水位相比，更多的动物最高水位也可以通过查看波尔图数据的变化来了解。最高水位和最低水位之差平均为9.89m(σ：1.89m)，即约10m。两个极端之间的最大水位差为14.13m(1909年)，最小水位差为6.10m(1969年)。亚马逊河水位日变化：亚马逊河口Breves和Caxiuana的水位日变化表现为：(1)如预期的那样，潮汐周期导致水位一天两次升降。由于Breves和Cciuana几乎位于赤道上，所以没有出现昼夜不等的现象。(2)在大潮期间，伴随着满月和新月相，水位变化曲线几乎重合。(3)大潮期间，布雷夫斯的高、低水位分别为0.89米和1.26米，卡西乌纳的4月和11月分别为0.20米和0.27米。(4)由于船舶的干扰，4月17：00-18：00左右水位出现了不规则的运动。根据时滞计算的涨落流速度约为每小时15公里。较少

1. Armugl water level changes of the Amazon:The annual water level cycle of the Rio Negro reflects the rainfall characteristics, I.e., the wet and dry seasons in the drainage basin. The water level at Manaus normally reaches its peak in late June, and bottoms in late October. According to IBGE (1977, 1991), the water level begins to rise in early January, taking eight months to gradually approach its maximum, and then in late June it returns again to its lowest level within a period of four months.How high dose the annual maxima and minima reach? The data based on data from the Adinmistracao do Port de Manaus illustrates the 89 - year moving averages for the annual maxima and minima between 1903 and 1991.The Porto's data reveals that both the annual maximum and minimum varies from year to year. However, the maximum average annual water level is 27.70 m, and the standard deviation (σ) is 1.13, while the minimum average annual water level is 17.81 m, and the σ is 1.88 . The lowerσ for th … More e animal maximum water level as compared to the annual minimum water level can be understood by looking at the variation in the Porto's data as well. The difference between the maximum and the minimum water levels shows an average of 9.89 m (σ:1.89), I.e., about 10 m. The maximum spread between the two extremes is 14.13m (1909), and the minimum spread is 6.10 m (1969).2. Daily water level changes of the Amazon:Daily water level changes at Breves and Caxiuana, Amazon estuary show as follows:(1) As expected, the tidal cycles induce the water levels to rise and fall twice-a-day. Since Breves and Caciuana are situated almost on the equator, there is no appearance of diurnal inequality.(2) During the spring tides, associated wilh the full and new phases of the moon, the curves for water level changes almost coincide. However, they appear in a different pattern during the neap tides.(3) The variations between the high and low levels during the spring tides are 0.89m in April and 1.26m in November at Breves, and 0.20m in April and 0.27m in November at Caxiuana.(4) An irregular movement of water levels occurred around 17:00-18:00, in April owing to shipping disturbance.(5) There is a considerable time lag in the tides between Breves and Caciuana. The flood and ebb currents calculated from the time lag reach about 15km per hour. Less