An analysis of mealtime situations in contrastive modes of dining and the psychology of diners

对比就餐方式下的就餐情况及就餐者心理分析

• 批准号: 11680157
• 负责人: OKAMOTO Yoko
• 金额: $ 1.54万
• 依托单位: Suzugamine Women's College
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11680157/
• 关键词: mealtime situations; eating out in restaurants; eating store-bought meals; eating self-prepared meals; a case study; a survey research; 観察法; 発話

This case study investigated what psychological effects different modes of dining (i.e. eating out in restaurants, eating store-bought meals, and eating self-prepared meals) may have on young people. It further revealed the nature of mealtime conversation that was usually carried on in the different modes. The participants were 64 female students aged 18 to 20 who were paired up to dine together in each of the modes, for a total of 96 mealtime situations (32 pairs x 3 meals). The meals were recorded on digital video and subsequently analysed with a focus on the nature of conversational exchanges had by the participants. When the three modes were compared in terms of the amount of conversation exchanged and the topics talked about, it was found that participants while eating out tended to talk less and on topics centering on course content and other school-related areas as opposed to those related to home and personal life, both suggesting a less relaxing mealtime atmosphere than while eating in (store-bought or self-prepared food). The breakdown of actual mealtime conversational topics found across the three modes is as follows : the food being eaten 8.4%, meals in general 15.5%, what is on the table 3.0%, daily home life 8.5%, special incidents at home 8.4%, daily school life 29.8%, special incidents at school 24.1%. In other words, 26.9% of the conversational topics were meal-related while 70.8% were non-meal-related. This result suggests that female students dining together attach a heavier significance to the social aspect of eating rather than to such other aspects as nutrition or table manners

本案例研究调查了不同的就餐方式（即外出就餐、吃商店买的饭菜和吃自己准备的饭菜）可能对年轻人产生的心理影响。它进一步揭示了通常以不同模式进行的进餐谈话的本质。参与者是 64 名 18 至 20 岁的女学生，她们在每种模式下被配对在一起用餐，总共 96 种用餐场景（32 组 x 3 餐）。这些膳食被记录在数字视频中，随后进行分析，重点关注参与者对话交流的性质。当对这三种模式的对话量和谈论的话题进行比较时，发现参与者在外出就餐时倾向于谈论较少的话题，并且话题集中在课程内容和其他与学校相关的领域，而不是与家庭和个人生活相关的话题，这都表明与在店里吃饭（商店购买或自制的食物）相比，用餐氛围不太轻松。三种模式中实际用餐时间对话话题的细分如下：正在吃的食物8.4%，一般膳食15.5%，餐桌上有什么3.0%，日常家庭生活8.5%，家庭特殊事件8.4%，日常学校生活29.8%，学校特殊事件24.1%。换句话说，26.9%的对话主题与膳食有关，而70.8%的对话主题与膳食无关。这一结果表明，女学生一起用餐更重视饮食的社交方面，而不是营养或餐桌礼仪等其他方面