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Experimental Study of Taphonomical Process of Animal Remains, Especially Molluscs in Shell Midden

贝丘中动物尤其是软体动物遗骸埋藏过程的实验研究

基本信息

批准号：
11680169
负责人：
KUROZUMI Taiji
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11680169/
关键词：
environmental archaeology molluscs Ryukyu Islands shell midden paddy field material for shell artifact land hermit crab taphonomy 動物遺体土壌動物貝殻動物遺存体陸産貝類魚骨マガキ沖縄九州西岸

项目摘要

In the present study, I conducted analysis of two types of experimental shell middens at subtropical Okinawa-jima Island and excavations of shell midden.First type of experimental shell midden made on empty shell in the 2 mm mesh baggage, and set on limestone secondary forest. Many types of "remains" such as buttons and beads that are different shape and weight put on each shell middens. After 3 years, experimental shell middens were excavated. "Remains" were deferent mode of depositions according to size of matrix shells and character of remains. This phenomena were caused by activity of soil animals, such as millipedes and terrestrial isopods.Second type of experimental shell midden made on shell at the coastal area to evaluate the activity of soil animals. Large operculated snail shells, Turbo, had used on land hermit crabs, Coenobita, and were moved from the experimental shell midden. This evidence would be occur on prehistoric shell middens because excavated number of operculums of Turbo had be higher than shells. Comparison of number and composition of soil animals to clean shells and shells including rotten meat were not different. Therefore, soil animals will use the shell midden to shelter.Analysis of vertical changes of species composition and abundance of shells were made on archaeological sits of sandy dune. Shells were divided four groups, middle to large edible species, small non edible species, large terrestrial species and minute terrestrial species. Three types of vertical changes to four groups were recognized, middle to large edible species, minute terrestrial species and others. Two factors, dumping the edible shells and depositing the other groups on shell midden would exist the formation of animal remains on shell midden.

在本研究中，我对亚热带冲绳岛的两种实验贝丘进行了分析，并对贝丘进行了挖掘。第一类实验壳筒在空壳上制作在2mm的网袋上，并设置在石灰岩次生林上。许多类型的“遗骸”，如纽扣和珠子，形状和重量都不同，放在每个贝壳上。3年后，挖掘出实验贝丘。“残体”是根据基质壳的大小和残体的特征而不同的沉积模式。这种现象是由土壤动物的活动引起的，如千足虫和陆生等足类动物。第二种是在沿海地区的贝壳上制作的实验性贝壳堆，以评价土壤动物的活动。在陆地寄居蟹（Coenobita）身上使用的大型带盖蜗牛壳（Turbo）已从实验贝壳堆中移出。这一证据可能出现在史前贝壳丘上，因为Turbo的盖层出土数量高于贝壳。清洗贝壳和含腐肉的贝壳土壤动物的数量和组成比较无差异。因此，土栖动物会利用贝壳堆来避难。对沙丘考古遗址的物种组成和贝壳丰度的垂直变化进行了分析。贝壳可分为中大型可食性种、小型不可食性种、大型陆生种和小型陆生种4类。垂直变化分为中、大型可食物种、小型陆生物种和其他4个类群。可食壳的倾倒和其他类群在壳壳上的沉积是导致壳壳上动物遗骸形成的两大因素。