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Comprehensive study of "Kai-muki" in the Tokyo Bay

东京湾“Kai-muki”的综合研究

基本信息

批准号：
17520568
负责人：
KUROZUMI Taiji
金额：
$ 2.41万
依托单位：
Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17520568/
关键词：
Kai-muki Tokyo Bay clam, Mactra chinensis Japanese "Aoyagi"shell midden bivalve meat clam, Anadara kagoshimensis South East Asia 貝灰内湾近世文書

项目摘要

"Kai-muki" is a use method to obtain the raw meat of clam body by knife under living condition. In Tokyo Bay, central Japan, some clam species such as Mactra chinensis, Mactra venrifromis, Anadara kagoshimensis, Anadara broughtonii, Meretrix lusoria and Ruditapes philippinarum that live in tidal flat or shallow sea bottom, had been utilized on “Kai-muki". We analyzed on early modern ages shell midden, Shiba-Zakoba Site located on inner most part of Tokyo Bay by zooarchaeological method. “Aoyagi" clam, Mactra chinensis dominated, and we discover the first time that this species would be remains of “Kai-muki". After the “Kai-muki", empty shells would be used on “Kaibai"(ash made from shells). Also, we discover the reliable pre-historical “Kai-muki" first time in Japan. Small hole in ventral margin of clam, Meretthix lusoria by acute stone artifact were observed at “Ariyoshi-Kita Kaizuka", middle Jomon period. In Japan, “Kai-muki" recognized on inner bay areas, Mikawa Bay, Ise Bay and Buzen Sea of western Seto-Naikai. “Kai-muki" also detected on western South Korea, Yellow Sea (mussel, Mytilus sp.), Hong Kong (clam, Ruditapes philippinarum) and central Vietnam (clams, Anadara sp. and Pinctada sp.). However, in latter two localities, it is possible that “Kai-muki" will spread from another area in recent time because of its scarce observation frequency and not characterized knife type.

“开蛤”是在活的条件下用刀获取蛤体生肉的一种使用方法。在日本中部的东京湾，一些生活在潮滩或浅海海底的蛤类，如中国蛤蜊（Mactra chinensis）、有纹蛤蜊（Mactra venrifromis）、鹿儿岛安纳鱼（Anadara kagoshimensis）、布氏安纳鱼（Anadara broughtonii）、文蛤（Meretrix lusoria）和菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum），已被用于“海牧”。利用动物考古学方法对位于东京湾最内侧的芝扎科巴遗址的近代早期贝冢进行了分析。青柳蛤、中国蛤蜊占优势，首次发现该种为海牧蛤的遗存。在“Kai-muki”之后，空炮弹将用于“Kaibai”（贝壳制成的灰烬）。此外，我们发现了可靠的史前“Kai-muki”在日本的第一次。在绳文时代中期的“有吉-北贝冢”，用急性石器在文蛤的腹缘发现了小孔。在日本，“海牧”在内海地区，三川湾，伊势湾和丰前海西部的濑户内海承认。“Kai-muki”还在韩国西部黄海（贻贝，贻贝属），香港（蛤，菲律宾蛤仔）和越南中部（蛤，Anadara sp.和Pinctada sp.）。但在后两个地区，由于其观测频率较低，且不具有刀型特征，因此有可能是最近从其他地区传播过来的。