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Study on Feasibility of Transfer of Japanese Pollution Experiences to Developing Countries

日本治污经验向发展中国家转让的可行性研究

基本信息

批准号：
11680575
负责人：
FUJIKURA Ryo
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
Ritsumeikan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Japan succeeded rapid economic development in the 1960s by promoting heavy industries. Because this industrial expansion was attained without sound environmental consideration, Japanese industrial cites faced serious pollution at the same time. However, Japan's industrial policy suddenly and drastically shifted from "economic development" to "pollution control" during the late 1960's and the early 1970s. The urban environment in Japan has been rapidly improved to an acceptable level. This improvement resulted from Japan's sudden adjustment in national policy during the 1970s to include anti-pollution measures, which is known as "Japan's Pollution Miracle".This study attempts to identify the social and economic background which enabled the "Miracle", implementation of the intensive environmental protection measures adopted by Japanese industry during the 1970's. Focusing on air pollution, particularly on dust fall and sulfur oxide pollutions, this paper studies on histories of air pollution control in three Japanese industrial cities, Yokohama, Osaka, and Kitakyushu. Then, comparing these three cities, the problems and constraints encountered in implementation is discussed and factors that enabled the substantial measures for air pollution control is discussed. At last, the relevance of these approaches for developing countries is assessed.

日本在20世纪60年代通过发展重工业成功地实现了经济的快速发展。由于这种工业扩张是在没有充分考虑环境因素的情况下实现的，日本工业城市同时面临着严重的污染问题。然而，在20世纪60年代末和70年代初，日本的产业政策突然从“经济发展”转向“污染控制”。日本的城市环境已迅速改善到可接受的水平。这种改善是由于日本在20世纪70年代突然调整了国家政策，将反污染措施包括在内，这被称为“日本的污染奇迹”。本研究试图找出促成“奇迹”的社会和经济背景，即日本工业在20世纪70年代采取的强化环境保护措施。本文以大气污染为重点，以降尘和硫氧化物污染为研究对象，对日本横滨、大坂和北九州三个工业城市的大气污染控制历史进行了研究。然后，比较这三个城市，在实施中遇到的问题和制约因素进行了讨论，使大气污染控制的实质性措施的因素进行了讨论。最后，评估了这些方法对发展中国家的相关性。