A Comprehensive Comparative Study on Credit Accumulation and Transfer Systems in Euro-American Countries

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This research was designed to survey the system of credit accumulation and transfer in Euro-American countries with specific interests in the credit awarding policies and students-enrollment and exchange policies that provides the ideal basis to make the said system realized. Points in focus in each region are : The status quo of European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) and European University Confederation Ober Rhine (EUCOR) in continental Europe, variations of higher education awards such as Doctoral, Master's, Bachelor's degrees, Diplomas or Certificate and their requirements, and the attempts to form a common policy to deal with them in the United Kingdom, and schemes of awarding of credits through the assessment of various learning at post-secondary level and credit transfer system nationwide as ACE/CREDIT and under the California Master Plan in United States of America. Though points in focus were slightly diverse in geographical or cultural bounds, it can be suggested that the practices of credit accumulation and transfer are not based just on the status of a credit. The fact that a credit is issued by a college or a university with accreditation or Royal Charter is not necessarily sufficient to endorse the quality of it. In the propulsion of a credit accumulation and transfer system, it is required to have an accurate insight into the content of learning as a basis of each credit. This can be the conclusion to be referred in the development of the policy of credit accumulation and transfer system in Japan.