A study on rural societies in dry zone, Upper Burma

上缅甸干旱地区农村社会研究

• 批准号: 11691171
• 负责人: MIZUTANI Masakazu
• 金额: $ 6.53万
• 依托单位: Utsunomiya University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A).
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11691171/
• 关键词: Irrigation system; Social norm; Socio-economy in rural village; Traditional cultivation method; Custamary work; Material flow; Rural planning; Irrigation technology; 灌漑技術

Field investigation has been carried out in two rural village-tracts, Chinywa and Kyardwin, Myittha Township, Mandaley Division, Myanmar in 1999 and 2000, Research meeting has been also conducted four times in Japan. A workshop and a seminar to discuss research results have been held in Japan and Myanmar, in March 1999 and November 2000, respectively. The brief results obtained by the research are summarized as follows :1. Due to less amount of precipitation irrigation activities have been practiced in Upper Burma for more than five hundreds years, by which sustainable cropping systems have been established in the past time. The effects of Kinda Dam, a newly constructed reservoir in the Panlaung river, on crop production and villagers' life have been evaluated, and it was proved that villagers' living standards have been improved in Kyardwin village because of increase in irrigated area, changes in cropping pattern and introduction of new crop varieties. However, in Chinywa village-tra … More ct, the changes in farming activities was relatively slow compared with Kyardwin village because of unstable irrigation water supply2. Material flow of agricultural products and by products has been investigated in the village-tracts. It was seen that total amount of materials flowing in village as well as inter-village was enlarged after completion of new reservoir construction.3. The relationship among the family members of farming household was investigated in Chinywa village-tract and it was observed that the independence of households was supported by parents through judgment of economic condition of sons and daughters.4. The socio-economic changes in Chinywa village-tract after intrusion of market economy since 1988 was investigated, and it was found that those who hold lands and money to buy more lands were extending farming size, investing in agricultural implements and thus attained much harvests and income. Some villagers engaged in brokerage or other commercial activities succeeded in increasing their income. However, farmers with small scale farming land were in a precarious position, easily lose their lands in case of poor harvest or price falling. Though there was abundant labor demand in the rural village, life of agricultural laborers was unstable because of the seasonal fluctuation of labor demand and lack of fixed employment. Less

1999年和2000年在缅甸曼德勒省密达镇的Chinywa和Kyardwin两个农村进行了实地调查，并在日本举行了四次研究会议。分别于1999年3月和2000年11月在日本和缅甸举办了讨论研究成果的讲习班和研讨会。研究取得的主要成果如下：1.由于降雨量较少，上缅甸的灌溉活动已经进行了500多年，在过去的时间里，可持续的种植系统已经建立。对Panlaung河上新建的水库Kinda大坝对农作物生产和村民生活的影响进行了评估，证明Kyardwin村村民的生活水平得到了提高，因为灌溉面积增加，种植模式改变，新作物品种的引进。然而，在Chinywa村， ...更多信息 与Kyardwin村相比，由于灌溉水供应不稳定，农业活动的变化相对缓慢2。在村组中调查了农产品和副产品的物质流。新水库建成后，村内、村间物流总量均有所增加.在Chinywa村域调查农户家庭成员之间的关系，观察到家庭的独立性是由父母通过判断儿子和女儿的经济状况来支持的.调查了自1988年市场经济侵入以来Chinywa村域的社会经济变化，发现那些拥有土地和资金购买更多土地的人正在扩大农业规模，投资农具，从而获得了大量的收成和收入。一些村民从事经纪或其他商业活动，成功地增加了收入。然而，拥有小规模耕地的农民处于不稳定的地位，一旦收成不好或价格下跌，很容易失去土地。虽然农村劳动力需求丰富，但由于劳动力需求的季节性波动和缺乏固定职业，农业劳动力的生活并不稳定。少