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Anthropological Study of African Topical stain Forest as Hunan Habitat

湖南人居地非洲外用染色森林的人类学研究

基本信息

批准号：
12371004
负责人：
ICHIKAWA Mitsuo
金额：
$ 24.7万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The Congo Basin is covered with one of the greatest tropical rain forests in the world. These vast forest areas have been logged at a tremendous rate during the past decades, which is threatening the life and culture of the local peoples living in the forest. There is, therefore, an urgent need for conservation of the forest which has supported the life of the local peoples. This study aims at conducting the research on the cognition and utilization of the forest environments by hunter-gatherers and shifting cultivators in Cameroon, Gabon and other areas from the viewpoints of cultural ecology, historical ecology and political ecology. Based on the findings obtained from the field research, it also analyzes the impacts of ongoing conservation projects on the local peoples and their perceptions of and reactions against the conservation projects.(1) From the research on the utilization of animal and plant resources by the Baka hunter-gatherers in Cameroon, and land use and farming system … More s of the shifting cultivators in the same area, it is suggested that, if the levels of land and natural resource uses in the years of 2002 and before are maintained, sustainable hunting-gathering and shifting cultivation systems in the area may also be maintained.(2) From the research in historical ecology, human impacts have been extensively found in the forest areas in central Africa, but they are not very destructive if the impacts remain at the levels in years 2002 and before.(3) From the study of political ecology, the life of the forest peoples has been put under increasing influences of economic globalization even in the remotest parts of the forest; in particular, consumer economy is posing a profound impact on the lifestyle of the forest peoples. The commodities obtained from the exchange of forest products have now become indispensable to their life. This leads us to reconsider the ongoing conservation project, so that it may allow forest resource uses for commercial purposes, in addition to the use for subsistence purposes.(4) In Gabon and Kenya, comparative data of forest uses and perceptions of conservation projects were obtained in the area adjacent to the protected areas.(5) Parts of these results were presented at the international symposia held in UK in 2002 and in France in 2003, as well as at several academic conferences held in Japan. Less

刚果盆地覆盖着世界上最大的热带雨林之一。在过去几十年中，这些广阔的森林地区被大量砍伐，威胁到生活在森林中的当地人民的生活和文化。因此，迫切需要保护支持当地人民生活的森林。本研究旨在从文化生态学、历史生态学和政治生态学的角度，对喀麦隆、加蓬等地的狩猎采集者和轮垦者对森林环境的认知和利用进行研究。根据实地调查的结果，分析了正在进行的保护项目对当地居民的影响以及他们对保护项目的看法和反应。(1)从喀麦隆巴卡狩猎采集者对动植物资源的利用、土地利用和耕作制度的研究 ...更多信息根据对同一地区轮垦者数量的分析，建议如果保持2002年及以前的土地和自然资源使用水平，该地区的可持续狩猎采集和轮垦制度也可以保持。(2)从历史生态学的研究来看，人类活动对中非森林地区的影响是广泛的，但如果影响保持在2002年及以前的水平，那么这些影响的破坏性就不是很大。(3)从政治生态学的角度来看，即使在最偏远的森林地区，森林民族的生活也越来越受到经济全球化的影响，特别是消费经济对森林民族的生活方式产生了深刻的影响。从森林产品交换中获得的商品现在已成为他们生活中不可缺少的。这使我们重新考虑正在进行的养护项目，以便除了用于生计目的之外，还允许将森林资源用于商业目的。(4)在加蓬和肯尼亚，在保护区的邻近地区获得了森林利用和对养护项目看法的比较数据。(5)这些结果的一部分在2002年在英国和2003年在法国举行的国际研讨会上，以及在日本举行的几次学术会议上发表。少