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Anthropology of Post-foraging Societies : A Comparative Study

后觅食社会的人类学:比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
09044027
负责人：
ICHIKAWA Mitsuo
金额：
$ 15.74万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A).
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

A research network was formed consisting of more than 500 researchers on hunting and gathering societies in the world. Methodology and a general framework for a comparative study were also discussed, from which a total of 23 topics were listed as important problems in the study of contemporary hunter-gatherer societies. Following these discussions, a scientific meeting was held, in which researchers, both from within and outside Japan, discussed the problems of commoditisation, development policies, nature and culture conservation, tourism and other problems relating to globalization.Along with these comparative study, fields research was also conducted on the Baka hunter-gatherers in the Cameroon forest of Africa, in cooperation with Cameroonian researchers. The research was focused on how the Baka are coping with forest destruction by logging industries and nature conservation movements. Under the present situation, their visions of future are with problems; (1)intensive cash crop cutivation may result in a competitive, hostile relationship with their agricultural neighbors over the land for cultivation, (2)employment at plantations will impose them the status of lowest-paid wage laborers in the Cameroon nation-state, while they have so far maintained relative autonomy in the forest life. (3)commoditisation of meat and other forest products may not be promoted promptly, owing to the low prices and bad infrastructure, and (4)involvement intourism is neither a good option, because there are not many tourists in their area.Although the Baka show a diversity way of adaptation to the new situations, all of them maintain characteristic ritual performances of forest sprits. Such ritual performances comprise the core of their cultural identity.

成立了一个由500多名研究人员组成的研究网络，研究世界上的狩猎和采集社会。论文还讨论了比较研究的方法和总体框架，并从中列出了23个主题作为当代狩猎采集社会研究的重要问题。在这些讨论之后，召开了一次科学会议，来自日本国内外的研究人员就商品化、发展政策、自然和文化保护、旅游等与全球化有关的问题进行了讨论。沿着这些比较研究，还与喀麦隆研究人员合作，对非洲喀麦隆森林中的巴卡狩猎采集者进行了实地研究。研究的重点是巴卡人如何应对伐木业和自然保护运动对森林的破坏。在目前的情况下，他们对未来的愿景是有问题的：（1）密集的经济作物栽培可能会导致竞争，敌对的关系，与他们的农业邻国的土地种植，（2）在种植园就业将迫使他们的地位，最低工资的劳动者在喀麦隆民族国家，而他们迄今为止保持相对自主的森林生活。（3）由于价格低和基础设施差，肉类和其他森林产品的商品化可能无法迅速推广;（4）由于该地区游客不多，参与旅游业也不是一个好的选择。尽管巴卡人表现出适应新形势的多样性，但他们都保持着特有的森林精灵仪式表演。这种仪式表演构成了他们文化身份的核心。